Coffee, cholesterol, and colon cancer: is there a link.
Coffee, cholesterol, and colon cancer: is there a link.
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咖啡、胆固醇和结肠癌：有联系吗？
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.294.6563.4
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Thelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Jacobsen;D. Thelle
(and other) indices were measured-in several hundred people and then subsequent coronary or cerebrovascular events recorded. In the Northwick Park Heart Study of 1511 white men aged 40 to 64 at recruitment both high factor VII activity and high plasma fibrinogen concentrations were -strongly associated with ischaemic heart disease.'4 Inboth cases the association was particularly strong for-the subgroup of men who developed heart disease within five years of their blood being examined. Thefindings are intriguing in that the associationsz with coagulation factors seem stronger than that between cholesterol concentrations and heart disease. Fibrinogen concentration has also been identified as a risk marker in a smaller prospective study of coronary disease5 and in a prospective study of myocardial infarction and stroke.6 In other investigations a high white cell count has also proved to be a risk marker for myocardial infarction and stroke.78 In general the incidence of thrombotic disease in black people is lower than that in whites, and findings that blood from healthy whites is "hypercoagulable" or displays a lower fibrinolytic activity, or both, when compared with blood from healthy blacks910 support the concept that blood composition may contribute to developing thrombosis. Until recently, reports of coagulation and fibrinolytic studies in different ethnic groups have been limited to subjects in one geographic locality because haematological indices can be compared only if methods are standardised. Standardisation is often difficult between adjacent laboratories, never mind countries, but, using continuous external quality control of the laboratory measurements, the World Health Organisation has started a study to compare the effects ofdifferent oral contraceptives on coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet "function" in women from diverse geographical locations. A recent article records the'baseline data from clinical centres in Dublin, Salvador (Brazil), Santiago (Chile), and Singapore." The women in the study are to be given oral contraceptives, which makes the decision to study these particular centres surprising given the Catholic influence in some of them, and women recruited in, for example, Dublin are unlikely to be a completely random sample. Data were provided for just under 200 women at each centre. Not all of it stood up to the external quality control, but the information was sufficient for some clear patterns to emerge. The most interesting data came from Dublin (where all the women were white) and from Salvador (where the women were predominantly black or mulatto). Blood from the Dublin women turned out to be "hypercoagulable" (short prothrombin time, short activated partial thromboplastin time, increased factor X activity, and increased concentration of antiplasmin) while that from the Salvador women turned out to be "hypocoagulable" (prolonged prothrombin time, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, lower factor VII activity, increased plasminogen activator activity, and decreased concentrations of antiplasmin). In contrast, the Dublin women had higher concentrations of antifactor Xa and antithrombin III (which may, the authors suggest, protect against the hypercoagulability), and the Salvador women had lower concentrations of these antiproteases. Unfortunately information on white cell counts was incomplete and the platelet studies were not fully standardised. The authors of the report consider the data in terms of "the clinical impression that the 'epidemic' of thromboembolism..,. in Western countries has not been shared by the developing parts of the globe where clinical evidence of thromboembolism is relatively rare." A critical-study of venous thrombosis in Nigerians questioned, however, the previous largely clinical impression of a lower incidence of the disease in this population.'2 The WHO investigators must now copy Meade et al4 and follow up the patients to determine the actual rates of thrombosis. Some information may be obtained as a byproduct of giving oral contraceptives-provided that the group studied is large enough and the procedures adopted to detect thrombosis well standardised. Prospective and large scale comparative studies (particularly in diverse geographical locations) are expensive and require much organisation and energy, huge resources, and good quality control. Nevertheless, this type ofstudy will tell us most about the aetiology of thrombosis-information of fundamental importance if the disease is to be controlled.
咖啡、血浆胆固醇和脂蛋白。
影响因子：
5
作者：
Mathias,S;Garland,C;Barrett-Connor,E;Wingard,DL
通讯作者：
Wingard,DL
咖啡消费、饮食和血脂。
影响因子：
5
作者：
Haffner,SM;Knapp,JA;Stern,MP;Hazuda,HP;Rosenthal,M;Franco,LJ
通讯作者：
Franco,LJ
基督复临安息日会信徒中饮食与致命性结直肠癌的关系。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
影响因子：
--
作者：
Phillips,RL;Snowdon,DA
通讯作者：
Snowdon,DA