Inter-relationships between conditioned and primary reinforcement in the maintenance of cigarette smoking.
Inter-relationships between conditioned and primary reinforcement in the maintenance of cigarette smoking.
复制标题
维持吸烟过程中条件强化和初级强化之间的相互关系。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01816.x
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Levin,ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rose,JE;Levin,ED
戒烟的研究越来越多地集中在尼古丁和尼古丁戒断的药理学方面。然而，吸烟也提供了一组特征性的感官线索。吸烟的这些感官方面是重要的，因为它们可能是与尼古丁作用相关的有效条件强化刺激。中度重度吸烟者每年重复吸烟行为数千次，导致吸烟的感官方面（推定的CS）和尼古丁的药理作用（推定的UCS）之间存在强烈的条件性关联。破坏CS-UCS关联的策略可能有助于开发更有效的戒烟治疗方法。其中包括：CS的反调节;单独呈现CS;呈现具有UCS的CS，但不阻塞UCS;以及以未连接的方式呈现CS和UCS。感官线索在缓解烟瘾的作用进行了讨论，并复制相关的感官方面的吸烟，而不提供显着剂量的尼古丁的具体技术进行了说明。尼古丁和尼古丁拮抗剂的组合，以阻止初级强化和加速条件强化的消退也被考虑。
Research on smoking cessation has increasingly focussed on pharmacological aspects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal. However, cigarette smoking also provides a characteristic set of sensory cues. These sensory aspects of smoking are important to address in that they may be potent conditioned reinforcing stimuli linked to the actions of nicotine. The repetition of the smoking act thousands of times per year by a moderately heavy smoker leads to a strong conditioned association between the sensory aspects of smoking (the putative CS) and the pharmacological effects of nicotine (the putative UCS). Strategies for disrupting CS‐UCS associations may be useful in developing more effective smoking cessation treatments. These include: counterconditioning of the CS; presenting the CS alone; presenting the CS with the UCS but pharmacologically blocking the UCS; and presenting the CS and UCS in an unconnected fashion. The role of sensory cues in alleviating craving for cigarettes is discussed, and specific techniques for duplicating relevant sensory aspects of smoking without delivering significant doses of nicotine are described. The combination of nicotine and nicotinic antagonists to block primary reinforcement and hasten extinction of conditioned reinforcement is also considered.