Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism following experimental head injury.
Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism following experimental head injury.
复制标题
实验性头部损伤后的脑血流动力学和代谢。
作者：
J. Meyer;A. Kondo;F. Nomura;K. Sakamoto;T. Teraura
脑震荡的发病机制长期以来一直存在争议。本实验旨在阐明头部损伤所致急性脑功能障碍的性质。丹尼-布朗将脑震荡定义为“短暂和可逆的神经反应，在足够暴力和短暂的身体压力后立即发作，并以随后的逐步恢复为特征。关于脑震荡的发病机制有两种主要理论：步行者等人的兴奋理论，4a和麻痹理论的丹尼-布朗和Russell 2这两个理论，假设相反的机制，将进行审查。步行者和他的同事43观察到，在对实验动物暴露的硬脑膜和大脑施加压缩冲击后，脑电图（EEG）中出现快速活动，振幅几乎没有变化。随之而来的是“灭绝。“脑电图的变化经常伴随着四肢的紧张性伸展运动。他们认为这种类型的脑震荡是由于中枢神经系统的兴奋引起的。丹尼-布朗和罗素提出了相反的观点。根据对钟摆撞击自由运动的头部（加速度脑震荡）产生的脑震荡的实验观察，他们得出结论，这种类型的脑震荡是由于神经功能的暂时性瘫痪。在人类中，脑震荡的特征是短暂的神经功能丧失，伴随着-
T HE pathogenesis of cerebral concussion has long been debated. The present experiments were undertaken to clarify the nature of acute cerebral disorders resulting from head injury. Concussion was defined by Denny-Brown as a "transitory and reversible nervous reaction with immediate onset following physical stress of sufficient violence and brevity, and characterized by progressive recovery thereafter. ''~ There are two main theories concerning the pathogenesis of concussion: the excitation theory of Walker, e t al., 4a and the paralytic theory of Denny-Brown and Russell2 These two theories, which postulate opposite mechanisms, will be reviewed. Walker and his associates 43 observed the appearance of fast activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) with little change in amplitude immediately after a compressive impact applied to the exposed dura and brain in experimental animals. This was followed by '"extinction." The EEG changes were frequently accompanied by tonic extension movements of the extremities. They suggested that this type of concussion resulted from excitation of the central nervous system. An opposite view was proposed by Denny-Brown and Russell. Based on experimental observations of concussion produced by a pendulum striking the freely moving head (acceleration concussion), they concluded that this type of concussion was due to temporary paralysis of nervous function. In man, concussion is characterized by transient loss of neural function, accompa-