Perfluorinated sulfonamides in indoor and outdoor air and indoor dust: Occurrence, partitioning, and human exposure
Perfluorinated sulfonamides in indoor and outdoor air and indoor dust: Occurrence, partitioning, and human exposure
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DOI：
10.1021/es048340y
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Zhu, JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shoeib, M;Harner, T;Zhu, JP
通过对加拿大渥太华市室内空气、室内灰尘和室外空气的全面调查，对用于各种消费品表面保护的全氟烷基磺酰胺（PFASs）进行了调查。本研究揭示了n -甲基全氟辛烷磺酰胺-乙醇（MeFOSE）、n -乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺-乙醇（EtFOSE）、n -乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺（EtFOSA）和n -甲基全氟辛烷磺酰胺-丙烯酸酯（MeFOSEA）等几种全氟辛烷磺酸的存在和室内空气源强度的新信息。对由聚氨酯泡沫盘组成的被动空气采样器进行了校准，并用于室内和室外调查。MeFOSE和EtFOSE的室内浓度（分别为1490和740 pg m(-3)）约为室外浓度的10-20倍，这表明室内空气是外部环境的重要来源。室内空气中EtFOSA和MeFOSEA浓度较低（分别为40和29 pg m(-3)），室外空气样品中低于检测值。室内粉尘中，MeFOSE和EtFOSE的几何平均浓度最高，分别为110和120 ng g(-1)，而EtFOSA和MeFOSEA的浓度分别低于检测值和7.9 ng g（-1）。室内灰尘中的MeFOSE和EtFOSE浓度与室内空气中的水平一致。然而，使用现有的基于k - oa的地表空气交换模型，对耦合空气和粉尘数据（针对同一住宅）的分辨率并不成功。人们大大低估了对室内灰尘的阻隔。现有模型的困难可能是由于全氟烷烃在辛醇中的活度系数很高和/或由于粉尘成分被全氟烷烃污染而使粉尘相对于空气严重过饱和的情况。基于中位空气和粉尘浓度的人体暴露评估显示，通过吸入（假设100%吸收）和摄入粉尘的人体暴露分别接近于40 ng / d和20 ng / d（-1）。然而，对于儿童，粉尘摄入途径占主导地位，占相似的44 ng d（-1）。
Perfluorinated alkyl sulfonamides (PFASs) which are used in a variety of consumer products for surface protection were investigated through a comprehensive survey of indoor air, house dust, and outdoor air in the city of Ottawa, Canada. This study revealed new information regarding the occurrence and indoor air source strength of several PFASs including N-methylperfluorooctane sulfonamido-ethanol (MeFOSE), N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol (EtFOSE), N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA), and N-methylperfluorooctane sulfonamidethylacrylate (MeFOSEA). Passive air samplers consisting of polyurethane foam disks were calibrated and used to conduct the indoor and outdoor survey. Indoor air concentrations for MeFOSE and EtFOSE (1490 and 740 pg m(-3), respectively) were about 10-20 times greater than outdoor concentrations, establishing indoor air as an important source to the outside environment. EtFOSA and MeFOSEA concentrations were lower in indoor air (40 and 29 pg m(-3) respectively) and below detection in outdoor air samples. For indoor dust, highest concentrations were recorded for MeFOSE and EtFOSE with geometric mean concentrations of 110 and 120 ng g(-1), while concentrations for EtFOSA and MeFOSEA were below detection and 7.9 ng g(-1) respectively. MeFOSE and EtFOSE concentrations in house dust followed levels in indoor air. However, resolution of the coupled air and dust data (for the same homes) was not successful using existing K-OA-based models for surface air exchange. The partitioning to house dust was greatly underpredicted. The difficulties with existing models may be due to the high activity coefficient of PFASs in octanol and/or a situation where the dust is greatly oversaturated with respect to the air due to components of the dust being contaminated with PFASs. A human exposure assessment based on median air and dust concentrations revealed that human exposure through inhalation (100% absorption assumed) and dust ingestion were similar to 40 and similar to 20 ng d(-1), respectively. However, for children the dust ingestion pathway was dominant and accounted for similar to 44 ng d(-1).