THE UNIFICATION OF THE GLOBE BY DISEASE? THE INTERNATIONAL SANITARY CONFERENCES ON CHOLERA, 1851–1894
THE UNIFICATION OF THE GLOBE BY DISEASE? THE INTERNATIONAL SANITARY CONFERENCES ON CHOLERA, 1851–1894
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全球霍乱卫生会议，1851 年至 1894 年
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
Valeska Huber
中科院分区：
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作者：
Valeska Huber
本文分析了1851年至1894年期间召开的八次国际卫生会议的会议记录，以解决霍乱流行对欧洲构成的危险。这些会议在科学医学的知识和体制变化的背景下，并在不断变化的结构，发生在十九世纪后半叶的国际主义努力的光进行审查。这篇文章表明，国际卫生会议是尽可能多的合作空间，因为它们是舞台，学科，国家和文化之间的差异和界限的定义。此外，它还试图揭示这一时期更广泛的紧张局势。一方面，由于新的交通工具，世界正在以前所未有的程度共同发展，这一事实使欧洲人能够建立和扩大有利可图的商业和殖民关系。另一方面，这一发展增加了欧洲的脆弱性-例如疾病的输入。因此，世界日益相互关联的看法与对可控边界的需要相结合。这些会议试图找到解决办法，解决如何在不诉诸传统障碍的情况下保障边界安全的问题;边界就像半渗透膜一样，应该对某些种类的通信开放，但对其他种类的通信关闭。
This article analyses the proceedings of eight International Sanitary Conferences which were convened between 1851 and 1894 to address the danger that cholera epidemics posed to Europe. These conferences are examined in the context of the intellectual and institutional changes in scientific medicine and in the light of the changing structure of internationalist endeavours that took place in the second half of the nineteenth century. The article shows that the International Sanitary Conferences were as much spaces of co-operation as they were arenas where differences and boundaries between disciplines, nations, and cultures were defined. Furthermore, it seeks to shed light on a broader tension of the period. On the one hand, the fact that the world was growing together to an unprecedented extent due to new means of transportation enabled Europeans to establish and expand profitable commercial and colonial relations. On the other hand, this development increased the vulnerability of Europe – for example to the importation of diseases. The perception that the world was becoming increasingly interconnected was thus coupled with the need for controllable boundaries. The conferences attempted to find solutions as to how borders could be secured without resorting to traditional barriers; like semipermeable membranes they should be open for some kinds of communication but closed for others.