Diversity of Endonuclease V: From DNA Repair to RNA Editing.
Diversity of Endonuclease V: From DNA Repair to RNA Editing.
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DOI：
10.3390/biom5042194
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发表时间：
2015-09-24
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Kuraoka I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kuraoka I
DNA、RNA及其前体通过水解反应和亚硝化反应发生腺嘌呤脱氨基反应。由于其与天然碱基的结构相似性，所产生的脱氨基产物具有潜在的致突变性，从而导致错误的核苷酸配对和随后的细胞代谢破坏。脱氨基的前体掺入核酸链中发生在DNA和RNA聚合酶的核苷酸合成期间或细胞功能期间DNA和/或RNA编辑酶的碱基修饰期间。在这种情况下，可能需要通过核酸酶从DNA和RNA中去除脱氨基产物，这取决于细胞功能。一种这样的酶，内切核酸酶V，在大肠杆菌中识别脱氧肌苷并通过替代切除修复机制切割双链DNA中受损碱基的3'端，而在智人中，它识别并切割单链RNA中的肌苷。然而，为了探索核酸内切酶V在体内的作用，需要对细胞生物学进行详细的分析。本文根据近年来有关核酸内切酶V的报道和研究进展，讨论了核酸内切酶V在DNA修复和RNA代谢中的潜在功能。
Deamination of adenine occurs in DNA, RNA, and their precursors via a hydrolytic reaction and a nitrosative reaction. The generated deaminated products are potentially mutagenic because of their structural similarity to natural bases, which in turn leads to erroneous nucleotide pairing and subsequent disruption of cellular metabolism. Incorporation of deaminated precursors into the nucleic acid strand occurs during nucleotide synthesis by DNA and RNA polymerases or base modification by DNA- and/or RNA-editing enzymes during cellular functions. In such cases, removal of deaminated products from DNA and RNA by a nuclease might be required depending on the cellular function. One such enzyme, endonuclease V, recognizes deoxyinosine and cleaves 3' end of the damaged base in double-stranded DNA through an alternative excision repair mechanism in Escherichia coli, whereas in Homo sapiens, it recognizes and cleaves inosine in single-stranded RNA. However, to explore the role of endonuclease V in vivo, a detailed analysis of cell biology is required. Based on recent reports and developments on endonuclease V, we discuss the potential functions of endonuclease V in DNA repair and RNA metabolism.