Recovery of food webs following natural physical disturbances: Recovery of food webs
Recovery of food webs following natural physical disturbances: Recovery of food webs
复制标题
自然物理干扰后食物网的恢复：食物网的恢复
DOI：
10.1111/nyas.13921
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Piovia-Scott, Jonah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spiller, David A.;Schoener, Thomas W.;Piovia-Scott, Jonah
我们论文的目的是为食物网如何从自然物理干扰中恢复建立一个机械的概念框架。我们总结了飓风对岛屿食物网的影响，并回顾了其他记录其他类型的物理干扰（包括火灾、洪水和火山爆发）如何改变食物网相互作用的研究。基于这些案例研究，我们提出了四个因素在食物网演替中起重要作用：(1)干扰强度，(2)连续更高营养水平的顺序恢复/定植，(3)不同演替阶段生物生长速度和对消费者敏感性之间的权衡，以及(4)包括本地和外来来源的碎屑。对河流洪水和受飓风干扰的岛屿的研究表明，与食物网处于稳定状态时相比，恢复期间能量流更高，营养级联更强。我们认为，在演替过程中，随着消费物种的定植，它们可能会改变食物供应的种类或表型组成，从高度脆弱的食物转变为不那么脆弱的食物，从而削弱整个食物网中自下而上和自上而下的效应。扰动引起的高碎屑输入可以放大早期演替过程中自下而上的效应，并随后改变自上而下的效应。
The objective of our paper is to develop a mechanistic conceptual framework for how food webs recover from natural physical disturbances. We summarize our work on the effect of hurricanes on island food webs and review other studies documenting how other types of physical disturbances (including fires, floods, and volcanic eruptions) alter food–web interactions. Based on these case studies, we propose that four factors play an important role in food‐web succession: (1) disturbance intensity, (2) sequential recovery/colonization of successively higher trophic levels, (3) tradeoffs between growth rate of organisms at different successional stages and susceptibility to consumers, and (4) detritus including autochthonous and allochthonous sources. Studies on river flooding and islands disturbed by hurricanes indicate that energy flow is higher and trophic cascades are stronger during recovery than when the food web is at a steady state. We suggest that as consumer species colonize during succession, they may change the species or phenotypic composition of their food supply from highly vulnerable to less vulnerable items, thereby weakening both bottom‐up and top‐down effects throughout the food web. High inputs of detritus caused by disturbances can amplify bottom‐up effects during early succession, and subsequently alter top‐down effects.