Peasant society in Japan’s economic development: with special focus on rural labour and finance markets
Peasant society in Japan’s economic development: with special focus on rural labour and finance markets
复制标题
日本经济发展中的小农社会：特别关注农村劳动力和金融市场
DOI：
10.1017/s1479591418000050
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Masayuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanimoto;Masayuki
本研究旨在探讨“农民社会”在理解日本近现代和近现代早期经济史中的重要作用。17世纪，日本出现了大量的独立农户，从18世纪初开始，他们经历了一种转变，即拥有家庭财产并有责任将这些财产传递给下一代。虽然市场经济的发展也有助于维持和激活农民社会，但劳动力市场的功能受到农户追求最优利用农业季节性劳动力需求波动所产生的闲置劳动力的战略的强烈影响。在这些约束下，农户倾向于向其成员提供非农业就业机会，从而形成了一种阻碍在家庭外动员家庭工人的障碍。这些壁垒得到了以区域为基础的工业发展的支持，例如纺织业采用了最适合农户需求的外销制度。以农村为基础的资本积累与区域金融市场的运作一起，通过支持以区域为基础的工业发展，维持了特定的农户行为，这是日本从近代早期到近代经济社会发展道路的特色。
This study aims to discuss the significant role of “peasant society” in understanding the economic history of both modern and early modern Japan.Independent peasant households proliferated in Japan in the seventeenth century, and from around the turn of the eighteenth century onwards they underwent a transformation into entities called ie, which owned family properties and bore responsibility for conveying these properties to the next generation. Although the development of the market economy also contributed to maintaining and activating the peasant society, the function of the labour market was strongly influenced by the strategy of peasant households to pursue the optimal utilization of slack labour generated by the seasonally fluctuating labour demand from agriculture. Under these constraints, peasant households tended to deliver non-agricultural employment opportunities to their members, forming a kind of barrier against mobilizing family workers outside the household. These barriers were supported by region-based industrial development such as a weaving industry adopting the putting-out system most suitable to the requirements of peasant households. Rural-based capital accumulation together with the workings of the regional financial markets contributed to maintaining particular peasant household behaviours by supporting region-based industrial development, which featured in Japan's path of economic and social development from the early modern to the modern period.