The grid as algorithm for land use: a reappraisal of the 1811 Manhattan grid
The grid as algorithm for land use: a reappraisal of the 1811 Manhattan grid
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DOI：
10.1080/02665433.2017.1397537
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发表时间：
2019-05-04
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Meisterlin, Leah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baics, Gergely;Meisterlin, Leah
曼哈顿1811年的街道网格定义了城市化的空间框架。然而，现有的学术还没有对其在确定土地利用地理中的作用进行实证检验。到了19世纪中叶，纽约市已经基本上融入了它的街道系统，但还没有建立全面的分区法规。我们探索了在一个普遍不受监管的环境中，网格的形态和街道上的土地使用位置之间的相互作用，比较了城市网格之前和之后的模式。利用新的地理信息系统数据和方法，我们补充了现有的解释，表明网格引导曼哈顿向具有住宅和工业交叉街道的混合用途商业和住宅大道发展。我们论证了一组位置逻辑在网格之前和之后驱动这些模式。网格放大了土地利用的形态参数，即街道连通性、长度和宽度。由区块尺寸决定的连通性构成了最关键的因素。最后，我们认为，我们关于街道形态和土地利用之间相互作用的研究结果和方法，无论是对于历史研究还是当代规划实践，都适用于其他城市。
Manhattan's 1811 street grid defined the spatial framework for urbanization. Existing scholarship, however, has not empirically examined its role in determining land-use geography. By mid-nineteenth century, New York City had grown substantially into its street system, but had not yet instituted comprehensive zoning regulations. We explore interactions between the grid's morphology and land-use placement on the street in a generally unregulated environment, comparing patterns in the city's pre- and post-grid halves. Deploying new GIS data and methods, we complement existing interpretations showing that the grid guided Manhattan's development towards mixed-use commercial and residential avenues with residential and industrial cross-streets. We demonstrate that one set of locational logics drove these patterns pre- and post-grid. The grid amplified the morphological parameters of land use, identified as street connectivity, length, and width. Connectivity, determined by block dimensions, constituted the most critical factor. Lastly, we suggest that our findings and methods on the interactions between street morphology and land use are relevant to other cities, both for historical research and contemporary planning practice.