Interaction of disparity size and depth structure on perceived numerosity in a three-dimensional space
Interaction of disparity size and depth structure on perceived numerosity in a three-dimensional space
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0230847
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发表时间：
2020-04-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Shimono, Koichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aida, Saori;Matsuda, Yusuke;Shimono, Koichi
与单个平坦表面中的元素数量相比，即使两个立体表面具有相同数量的元素，在深度上平行重叠的两个立体表面中的元素数量也会被高估。使用立体元素对，我们评估了关于高估的两个假设：一个是形成背景表面的高阶过程增加了感知元素的数量，另一个是考虑了前表面上的元素可能遮挡的元素数量。来自四个实验的数据表明，（a）当立体元素之间的双眼视差较小时，我们使用的刺激会发生高估——两个表面重叠刺激，其中通过改变每个表面的平均亮度来操纵过程操作的可能性，体积刺激，其中形成背景表面的可能性会降低，以及两个非重叠表面刺激，其中深度表面不重叠，并且（b）当双眼视差较大时，当两个表面的平均亮度相同时，对于两个表面重叠刺激和体积刺激，会出现高估；而当表面之间的平均亮度不同时，对于表面重叠刺激，以及对于表面非重叠刺激，会出现高估。这些结果不能仅解释任一假设。我们通过假设处理元素差异的感觉系统干扰了元素数量的估计来解释结果，导致立体刺激中元素的高估，并且发生干扰的视差范围可能取决于刺激深度结构。
The number of elements in two stereo-surfaces parallelly overlapped in depth is overestimated compared to that in a single flat surface, even when both have the same number of elements. Using stereoscopic pairs of elements, we evaluated two hypotheses on the overestimation: one that a higher-order process, forming a background surface, increases the number of perceived elements, and the other that the number of elements potentially occluded by the elements on a front surface is taken accounted for. The data from four experiments showed that (a) when binocular disparity between (or among) stereoscopic elements was small, the overestimation occurred for the stimuli we used-a two-surface-overlapping stimulus, where the likelihood for the process to operate was manipulated by changing the averaged luminance of each surface, a volumetric stimulus, where the likelihood for the background surface to be formed would decrease, and a two-non-overlapping-surface stimulus, where the surfaces in depth were not overlapped-, and (b) when binocular disparity was large, the overestimation occurred for the two-surfaces-overlapping stimulus, when the averaged luminance of the two surfaces were the same, and for the volumetric stimulus, but diminished for the surface-overlapping stimulus, when the averaged luminance differed between the surfaces and for the surfaces-non-overlapping stimulus. These results cannot be explained either hypothesis only. We explain the results by postulating that the sensory system processing disparities of elements interferes with that estimating the number of elements, resulting in an overestimation of the elements in a stereo-stimulus, and the disparity range within which the interference occurs may depend on the stimulus depth structure.