What is nature? – ziran in early Daoist thinking
What is nature? – ziran in early Daoist thinking
复制标题
什么是自然？——早期道家思想中的自然
DOI：
10.1080/09552367.2016.1215060
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jing Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jing Liu
摘要：人与自然的关系问题是任何哲学的基础。随着环境危机日益恶化，我们不得不再次面对这一古老的问题。然而，当我们将其表述为“人与自然”时，一种形而上学已经隐含其中，而自然的问题尚未受到质疑。此时，需要提出的关键问题是：“自然是什么？”本文将通过比较的视角来审视自然的问题。首先，我认为对自然的现代理解是当今环境问题的根源。然后，我追溯到早期道家，探究道家关于“自然”（通常译为“nature”）的思想。通过对道与万物之“自然”的详细阐释，揭示了“道法自然”的含义。“自然”贯穿于道、天、地和人。正是通过对“自然”的理解，人类和万物的本质才得以阐明。还简要考察了海德格尔与道家相关的自然思想以及其他一些重要的环境哲学。
ABSTRACT The question of the relation between humans and nature lies at the foundation of any philosophy. With the daily worsening environmental crisis, we are forced to face this ancient question again. Yet when we put it into the form of ‘humans and nature’, a metaphysics is already implied and the problem of nature has not yet been questioned. At this moment, the very question that needs to be put forward is, ‘What is nature’? The question of nature will be interrogated through a comparative view in this essay. First, I argue the modern understanding of nature lies at the root of today’s environmental problems. Then, I go back to early Daoism to explore Daoist thinking on ziran (usually translated as ‘nature’). The meaning of ‘dao emulates ziran’ is brought to light through a detailed interpretation of the ziran of dao and things. Ziran penetrates the dao, the heavenly, the earthly and the human. It is with the understanding of ziran that the nature of humans and all things are illuminated. Heidegger’s thinking on nature in connection with Daoism is briefly examined together with some other significant environmental philosophies.