Measuring public health accountability of air quality management
Measuring public health accountability of air quality management
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DOI：
10.1007/s11869-009-0029-z
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Jessiman, Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shin, Hwashin Hyun;Burnett, Richard T.;Jessiman, Barry
空气质量管理的问责制通常通过跟踪环境污染浓度来衡量。这些环境空气质量的变化很少与公共卫生的变化联系在一起，而公共卫生是这些项目的主要驱动力。我们提出了一种方法来评估空气质量管理计划的问责与改善公众健康，通过估计国家的时间趋势归因于空气污染的健康风险。空气健康指数是两个时间函数的函数，即年度空气污染物浓度和通过时间序列统计方法获得的年度健康风险估计值，以表明年度归因风险百分比（浓度和风险乘以100）的趋势。随机效应模型用于获得风险在空间上的分布。该模型是通过检查在加拿大24个最大的城市和每日的臭氧和二氧化氮浓度在17年期间1984-2000之间的关联。我们的分析表明，仅检查暴露趋势，这通常是空气质量指标的方法，提供了空气污染影响趋势的不完整情况。AHI似乎提供了一个更有信息量的措施，随着时间的推移与空气污染相关的疾病的人口负担。
Accountability of air quality management is often measured by tracking ambient pollution concentrations over time. These changes in ambient air quality are rarely linked to changes in public health, a major driver for such programs. We propose a method to assess the accountability of air quality management programs with respect to improvements in public health by estimating national temporal trends in health risk attributable to air pollution. The air health indicator (AHI) is a function of two temporal functions, annual air pollutant concentrations and annual estimates of health risk obtained by time series statistical methods, to indicate the trend in annual percent attributable risk (the product of concentration and risk times 100). Random effects models are used to obtain a distribution of risk over space. The model is illustrated by examining the association between daily nonaccidental deaths in 24 of Canada's largest cities and daily concentrations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide over the 17-year period 1984-2000. Our analysis demonstrates that examining trends in exposure alone, which has typically been the approach to air quality indicators, provides an incomplete picture of trends in the impact of air pollution. The AHI appears to provide a more informative measure of the population burden of illness associated with air pollution over time.