Models of best practice in flood risk communication and management
Models of best practice in flood risk communication and management
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DOI：
10.1080/17477891.2014.924897
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Nobert, Sebastien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Demeritt, David;Nobert, Sebastien
风险沟通在洪水风险管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用，但是关于什么应该传播、为什么传播、如何传播以及向谁传播，存在着各种相互矛盾的建议。本文的目的是阐明“良好”风险沟通的竞争评估所依赖的潜在规范和概念模型。为此，本文确定了四种广泛的风险沟通模型或方法：信息传递的风险信息模型；行为改变的风险工具模型；参与式审议的风险对话模式以及自我监管和规范化的风险政府模式。这些模型在理论和学科起源以及相关的哲学和政治承诺方面有所不同，因此它们以完全不同的方式定义了洪水风险沟通的基本目的、实践和未来前景。除非这些不同的“良好的”风险沟通模式得到承认和理解，否则确定洪水风险管理最佳实践的努力很可能产生不一致的建议，如果不是相互矛盾的话。
Risk communication plays an increasingly central role in flood risk management, but there is a variety of conflicting advice about what does - and should - get transmitted, why, how, and to whom. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the underlying normative and conceptual models on which those competing assessments of 'good' risk communication depend. To that end, the paper identifies four broad models, or approaches, to risk communication: a risk message model of information transfer; a risk instrument model of behavioural change; a risk dialogue model of participatory deliberation; and a risk government model of self-regulation and normalization. These models differ in their theoretical and disciplinary origins and associated philosophical and political commitments, and consequently they define the basic purpose, practice, and future prospects of flood risk communication in quite different ways. Unless these different models of 'good' risk communication are acknowledged and understood, efforts to identify best practice for flood risk management are likely to produce inconsistent, if not contradictory, recommendations.