Gender Differences in Alcohol Impairment of Simulated Driving Performance and Driving-Related Skills
Gender Differences in Alcohol Impairment of Simulated Driving Performance and Driving-Related Skills
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DOI：
10.1093/alcalc/agp051
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Fillmore, Mark T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, Melissa A.;Weafer, Jessica;Fillmore, Mark T.
目的：大量的实验室研究表明，中等剂量的酒精损害了年轻人与驾驶性能相关的广泛的熟练活动。尽管实验室研究表明，损伤的强度通常取决于血液中酒精的浓度，但一些文献综述表明，女性可能比男性对酒精的损伤效应更敏感。本研究验证了这一假设。方法：根据我们实验室以前的实验数据，我们比较了男性和女性在挑战剂量(0.65g/kg)酒精对他们模拟驾驶能力的损害程度，以及对驾驶能力有重要影响的三个独立的行为和认知功能：运动协调能力、信息处理速度和信息处理能力。结果：酒精显著损害了表现的方方面面。此外，女性在所有行为测试中表现出比男性更大的损害，也报告了比男性更高的主观醉酒水平。结论：生物和社会文化因素都与酒精行为反应的性别差异有关。目前有证据表明，女性对酒精的敏感度更高，这突出表明有必要更好地了解这种性别差异背后的生物和环境因素。
Aims: Considerable laboratory research indicates that moderate doses of alcohol impair a broad range of skilled activities related to driving performance in young adults. Although laboratory studies show that the intensity of impairment is generally dependent on the blood alcohol concentration, some reviews of this literature suggest that women might be more sensitive to the impairing effects of alcohol than men. The present study tested this hypothesis. Methods: Drawing on data from previous experiments in our laboratory, we compared men and women in terms of the degree to which a challenge dose of alcohol (0.65 g/kg) impaired their simulated driving performance and measures of three separate behavioral and cognitive functions important to driving performance: motor coordination, speed of information processing and information-processing capacity. Results: Alcohol significantly impaired all aspects of performance. Moreover, women displayed greater impairment than men on all behavioral tests and also reported higher levels of subjective intoxication compared with men. Conclusions: Both biological and social-cultural factors have been implicated in gender differences in the behavioral responses to alcohol. The current evidence of heightened sensitivity to alcohol in women highlights the need for better understanding the biological and environmental factors underlying this gender difference.