Maps of rationality: Historical and theoretical perspectives
Maps of rationality: Historical and theoretical perspectives
复制标题
理性地图：历史和理论视角
DOI：
10.11225/cs.2022.037
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
中村國則・斎藤元幸
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ｋ．リー;Ｍ．Ｃ．アシュトン;小塩 真司;三枝 高大;橋本 泰央;下司 忠大;吉野 伸哉;中村國則・斎藤元幸
理性是认知科学中最重要的理论概念之一。到目前为止，已经提出了大量的理性概念来代表人类的决策过程。本文旨在通过阐明心理学和认知科学文献的理论特征、功能和相似之处，绘制出心理学和认知科学文献中的理性图谱。在此过程中，本文回顾了高等认知文献中提出的许多理性概念，包括推理或判断和决策。它解释了这些理性概念如何解释人类思维中的偏见，以及它们是如何通过判断和决策研究的历史而变化的。本文通过对推理与判断和决策文献中的理性概念的回顾，指出理性现在被认为是认知模型的目标或证据，而最近的理性概念将决策视为解决预期效用和计算效率等多个相互冲突的目标之间的权衡。
Rationality has been one of the most important theoretical concepts in cognitive science. Up until now, plenty of rationality concepts have been proposed to represent human decision-making processes. This paper aims to draw a map of rationality in psychology and cognitive sciences literature by clarifying their theoretical features, functions, and similarities. In doing so, this paper reviewed many rationality concepts proposed in the pieces of literature on higher cognition, including reasoning or judgment and decision making. It explained how these rationality concepts explained biases in human thinking and how they have changed through a history of judgment and decision-making research. This paper pointed out that rationality is now considered the goal of or evidence for cognitive model and that recent rationality concepts treat decision making as resolving trade-off between plural conflicting aims such as expected utility and computational efficiency, through the review of rationality concept in reasoning and judgment and decision-making literature.