Numerical assessment and individual call discrimination by wild spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta
Numerical assessment and individual call discrimination by wild spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.004
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Holekamp, Kay E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benson-Amram, Sarah;Heinen, Virginia K.;Holekamp, Kay E.
博弈论预测，个体在进行攻击性互动之前应该评估潜在对手的数量，特别是当数字赔率可以决定这种互动的结果时。斑点鬣狗，Crocuta crocuta，生活在裂变融合社会中，在群体间冲突期间可能会发生极端的数量不平衡，这可能是致命的。因此，评估对手的相对数量的能力在这个物种中应该是非常有利的。在这里，我们测试的能力，野生斑点鬣狗，以评估数字优势的播放实验，提出接触呼叫产生的一个，两个或三个未知的鬣狗，或“入侵者”，在我们的研究氏族的个人。土狼通过对多个陌生入侵者的回放提高警惕来符合博弈论的预测。此外，鬣狗不仅能区分一个和多个入侵者发出的叫声，而且还表现出了评估数量优势的精细能力，它们对一个、两个和三个未知入侵者发出的叫声的警惕性越来越高。当土狼的数量超过呼叫入侵者时，它们也会冒更大的风险接近说话者。最后，这项研究提供了实验证据，表明斑点鬣狗可以使用联系电话来区分个体。(C)2011年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Game theory predicts that individuals should assess numbers of potential opponents before engaging in aggressive interactions, particularly when numerical odds can determine outcomes of such interactions. Spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta, live in fission-fusion societies in which extreme numerical imbalances can occur during intergroup conflicts, which are potentially lethal. Thus, an ability to assess relative numbers of opponents should be highly advantageous in this species. Here we tested abilities of wild spotted hyaenas to assess numerical advantage with a playback experiment by presenting contact calls produced by one, two or three unknown hyaenas, or 'intruders', to individuals in our study clans. Hyaenas conformed to predictions of game theory by increasing vigilance to playbacks of multiple unfamiliar intruders. Furthermore, hyaenas distinguished not just between calls produced by one versus multiple intruders, but showed a fine-grained ability to assess numerical advantage, and they responded with increasing levels of vigilance to calls produced by one, two and three unknown intruders. Hyaenas also took more risks by approaching the speaker when they outnumbered calling intruders. Lastly, this study provides experimental evidence that spotted hyaenas can use contact calls to distinguish among individuals. (C) 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.