(1->3)-beta-D-glucans as biological response modifiers: A review of structure-functional activity relationships
(1->3)-beta-D-glucans as biological response modifiers: A review of structure-functional activity relationships
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DOI：
10.1016/0144-8617(95)00076-3
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
BeMiller, JN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bohn, JA;BeMiller, JN
(1-->3)-β-D-葡聚糖具有通过 (1-->6) 连接作为单个单元分支连接的 β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基单元，可增强系统性免疫系统。这种增强导致抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、抗凝和伤口愈合活性。 (1-->3)-β-D-葡聚糖主链至关重要。最活跃的聚合物的支化度 (DB) 在 0.20 至 0.33 之间。数据表明，由高分子量聚合物形成的三螺旋结构可能对于免疫增强活性很重要，并且该活性独立于任何特定的有序结构。其他数据表明，负责活动的是沿主链分布的分支单元。有数据表明，β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基单位是免疫增强活性所必需的，并且取代基的具体性质并不重要。还有数据表明，水溶性越高的聚合物活性越高（达到一定取代度（DS）或DB），并且一些不溶性聚集体比可溶性聚合物更具刺激性。此时最好的结论是，(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖的免疫增强活性取决于螺旋构象和位于螺旋外表面上的亲水基团的存在。 (1→3)-β-葡聚糖分子或颗粒的结合所产生的免疫增强作用可能包括细胞毒性巨噬细胞、辅助性 T 细胞和 NK 细胞的激活、T 细胞分化的促进以及替代补体途径的激活。
(1-->3)-beta-D-Glucans that have beta-D-glucopyranosyl units attached by (1-->6) linkages as single unit branches enhance the immune system systemically. This enhancement results in antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulatory and wound healing activities. The (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan backbone is essential. The most active polymers have degrees of branching (DB) between 0.20 and 0.33. Data suggest both that triple helical structures formed from high molecular weight polymers are possibly important for immunopotentiating activity and that activity is independent of any specific ordered structure. Other data indicate that it is the distribution of the branch units along the backbone chain that is responsible for activity. There are data that indicate both that beta-D-glucopyranosyl units are required for immunopotentiating activity and that the specific nature of the substituent is unimportant. There are also data that indicate both that the more water-soluble polymers are more active (up to a certain degree of substitution (DS) or DB) and that some insoluble aggregates are more stimulatory than the soluble polymers. The best conclusion at this time is that the immunopotentiating activity of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans depends on a helical conformation and on the presence of hydrophilic groups located on the outside surface of the helix. Immunopotentiation effected by binding of a (1-->3)-beta-glucan molecule or particle probably includes activation of cytotoxic macrophages, helper T cells, and NK cells, promotion of T cell differentiation, and activation of the alternative complement pathway.