BIOMECHANICS OF MAMMALIAN TERRESTRIAL LOCOMOTION
BIOMECHANICS OF MAMMALIAN TERRESTRIAL LOCOMOTION
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DOI：
10.1126/science.2251499
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发表时间：
1990-11-23
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
BIEWENER, AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BIEWENER, AA
哺乳动物骨骼承受的峰值运动应力(单位面积的力)是其破坏强度的25%到50%，这表明安全系数在2到4之间。动物获得恒定安全系数的机制取决于动物的大小。在它们的大部分体型范围内(0.1到300公斤)，较大的哺乳动物主要通过保持更直立的姿势来维持均匀的骨骼应力，这通过增加肌肉机械优势来降低质量比肌力。在尺寸较大时，骨骼异速生长增加，运动能力降低，可能会保持应力恒定。在尺寸较小的情况下，骨骼僵硬可能比强度更重要。体重0.1到300公斤的哺乳动物的质量比肌力的下降表明，峰值肌肉应力也是恒定的，并与运动的质量比能量成本的降低相关。长骨在不同的速度和步态下形成的运动压力的一致模式，可能对骨骼如何适应压力的变化具有重要的意义。
Mammalian skeletons experience peak locomotor stresses (force per area) that are 25 to 50% of their failure strength, indicating a safety factor of between two and four. The mechanism by which animals achieve a constant safety factor varies depending on the size of the animal. Over much of their size range (0.1 to 300 kilograms), larger mammals maintain uniform skeletal stress primarily by having a more upright posture, which decreases mass-specific muscle force by increasing muscle mechanical advantage. At greater sizes, increased skeletal allometry and decreased locomotor performance likely maintain stresses constant. At smaller sizes, skeletal stiffness may be more critical than strength. The decrease in mass-specific muscle force in mammals weighing 0.1 to 300 kilogram indicates that peak muscle stresses are also constant and correlates with a decrease in mass-specific energy cost of locomotion. The consistent pattern of locomotor stresses developed in long bones at different speeds and gaits within a species may have important implications for how bones adaptively remodel to changes in stress.