Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2020-21 Influenza Season
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2020-21 Influenza Season
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.rr6908a1
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发表时间：
2020-08-21
影响因子：
33.7
通讯作者：
Atmar, Robert L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grohskopf, Lisa A.;Alyanak, Elif;Atmar, Robert L.
本报告更新了免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）关于在美国使用季节性流感疫苗的2019-20年建议（MMWR Recom Rep 2019;68[No. RR-31]）。建议所有年龄≥ 6个月且无禁忌症的人每年常规接种流感疫苗。对于每个接受者，应使用许可的和年龄适当的疫苗。预计将推出灭活流感疫苗（IIV）、重组流感疫苗（RIV 4）和减毒活流感疫苗（LAIV 4）。2020-21流感季可用的大多数流感疫苗将是四价疫苗，但MF 59佐剂IIV除外，预计将以四价和三价制剂提供。本报告中描述的建议更新反映了ACIP于2019年10月23日举行的公开会议期间的讨论; 2020年2月26日; 2020年6月24日。本报告的主要更新包括以下两项。首先，2020- 2021年美国流感疫苗的组成包括对甲型H1N1流感pdm 09、甲型H3 N2流感和B/维多利亚流感谱系组分的更新。其次，最近两个新的流感疫苗，Fluzone高剂量四价和Fluad四价许可证，进行了讨论。这两种新疫苗都被许可用于年龄≥ 65岁的人。其他变更包括更新了流感疫苗接种禁忌症和注意事项的讨论以及随附表格，更新了关于在流感抗病毒药物使用背景下使用LAIV 4的讨论，以及关于接受基于细胞培养的IIV 4（ccIIV 4）或RIV 4的鸡蛋过敏者接种疫苗的最新建议。21流感季节将与SARSCoV-2（与2019冠状病毒病[COVID-19]相关的新型冠状病毒）的持续或反复传播相吻合。为年龄大于等于6个月的人接种流感疫苗，以减少流感引起的疾病的流行，这将减少可能与COVID-19混淆的症状。通过流感疫苗接种预防和降低流感疾病的严重程度，减少门诊疾病、住院和重症监护病房的入院率，也可以减轻美国卫生保健系统的压力。大流行期间的疫苗规划指南可在https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pandemic-guidance/index.html.This报告重点介绍了美国2020-21季节期间预防和控制季节性流感的疫苗使用建议。建议的简要摘要和载有补充资料的最新背景文件的链接可在https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-ircs/vacc-specific/flu.html上查阅。这些建议适用于美国-在美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）许可的适应症内使用的许可流感疫苗。更新和其他信息可从CDC的流感网站（https：//www.cdc.gov/flu）获得。疫苗接种和卫生保健提供者应定期查看本网站以获取更多信息。
This report updates the 2019-20 recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of seasonal influenza vaccines in the United States (MMWR Recomm Rep 2019;68[No. RR-31). Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged >= 6 months who do not have contraindications. For each recipient, a licensed and age-appropriate vaccine should be used. Inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4), and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) are expected to be available. Most influenza vaccines available for the 2020-21 season will be quadrivalent, with the exception of MF59-adjuvanted IIV, which is expected to be available in both quadrivalent and trivalent formulations.Updates to the recommendations described in this report reflect discussions during public meetings of ACIP held on October 23, 2019; February 26, 2020; and June 24,2020. Primary updates to this report include the following two items. First, the composition of 2020-21 U.S. influenza vaccines includes updates to the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B/Victoria lineage components. Second, recent licensures of two new influenza vaccines, Fluzone High-Dose Quadrivalent and Fluad Quadrivalent, are discussed. Both new vaccines are licensed for persons aged >= 65 years. Additional changes include updated discussion of contraindications and precautions to influenza vaccination and the accompanying Table, updated discussion concerning use of LAIV4 in the setting of influenza antiviral medication use, and updated recommendations concerning vaccination of persons with egg allergy who receive either cell culture-based IIV4 (ccIIV4) or RIV4.The 2020-21 influenza season will coincide with the continued or recurrent circulation of SARSCoV-2 (the novel coronavirus associated with coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). Influenza vaccination of persons aged >= 6 months to reduce prevalence of illness caused by influenza will reduce symptoms that might be confused with those of COVID-19. Prevention of and reduction in the severity of influenza illness and reduction of outpatient illnesses, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit admissions through influenza vaccination also could alleviate stress on the U.S. health care system. Guidance for vaccine planning during the pandemic is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pandemic-guidance/index.html.This report focuses on recommendations for the use of vaccines for the prevention and control of seasonal influenza during the 2020-21 season in the United States. A brief summary of the recommendations and a link to the most recent Background Document containing additional information are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-ircs/vacc-specific/flu.html. These recommendations apply to U.S.-licensed influenza vaccines used within Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed indications. Updates and other information are available from CDC's influenza website (https://www.cdc.gov/flu). Vaccination and health care providers should check this site periodically for additional information.