Floral visitors of Trillium camschatcense (Trilliaceae) in fragmented forests
Floral visitors of Trillium camschatcense (Trilliaceae) in fragmented forests
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支离破碎的森林中延龄草（延龄草科）的花客
DOI：
10.1111/j.1442-1984.2003.00090.doc.x
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
M. Ohara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Tomimatsu;M. Ohara
植物传粉者的相互作用是特别感兴趣的保护生物学，因为它们的生态和农业的重要性（Bachmann & Nabhan 1996; AllenWardell等。1998; Kearns et al . 1998年）。传粉者的不足可能导致果实或种子产量的不足，最终导致植物灭绝（Rathcke & Jules 1993; Olesen & Jain 1994; Kearns & Inouye 1997）。最近的许多研究表明，由于花粉限制，小的、分散的植物种群的种子产量减少（例如Jennersten 1988; Aizen & Feinsinger 1994 a）。然而，栖息地破碎化对传粉者组合的影响很少被直接研究（Didham et al . 1996; Kearns et al . 1998年）。进一步了解传粉者动态在一个破碎的景观，例如，什么样的传粉者可能会失去破碎的栖息地，需要获得有益的影响，保护植物传粉者的相互作用。在日本北海道东部的十胜地区，自19世纪80年代以来的密集农业开发导致了高度破碎的景观，有大量的小森林遗迹。延龄草Trillium camschatcense Ker高勒（延龄草科）是该地区代表性的林地春季草本植物，曾经形成大的（> 5公顷）连续种群，但现在主要发现于被牧场或农田包围的小残留森林的林下植被中。在以前的研究中（Tomimatsu &大原2002），我们证明了小的、片段化的T. Camschatcense种群通常比大的连续种群产生更少的种子，低柱头花粉负荷是种子产量减少的主要原因。本研究的目的是描述T. Camschatcense在破碎的森林，其中传粉者的可用性被假设为减少（Tomimatsu &大原2002）。我们观察了花游客在五个不同规模的人口，并研究种群之间的物种组成和访问频率的差异。我们还讨论了花访客和异交花粉负荷之间的关系，这是在我们以前的研究（Tomimatsu和大原2002）测量。
Plant–pollinator interactions are of particular interest in conservation biology because of their ecological and agricultural importance (Bachmann & Nabhan 1996; AllenWardell et al . 1998; Kearns et al . 1998). Pollinator deficits may result in shortfalls in fruit or seed production, and ultimately, plant extinction (Rathcke & Jules 1993; Olesen & Jain 1994; Kearns & Inouye 1997). Many recent studies have shown that seed production is reduced in small, fragmented plant populations due to pollen limitation (e.g. Jennersten 1988; Aizen & Feinsinger 1994a). However, the effects of habitat fragmentation on pollinator assemblages have been rarely examined directly (Didham et al . 1996; Kearns et al . 1998). Further understanding of the pollinator dynamics in a fragmented landscape, for example, what kinds of pollinators are likely to be lost from fragmented habitats, is required to obtain useful implications for conservation of plant–pollinator interactions. In the Tokachi region of eastern Hokkaido, Japan, intensive agricultural development since the 1880s has resulted in a highly fragmented landscape with a large number of small forest remnants. Trillium camschatcense Ker Gawler (Trilliaceae), a representative woodland spring herb in this region, once often formed large ( > 5 ha), continuous populations, but is now mostly found in the understory of small remnant forests surrounded by pastureland or agricultural fields. In a previous study (Tomimatsu & Ohara 2002), we demonstrated that small, fragmented T. camschatcense populations generally produced fewer seeds than large, continuous populations and that the low stigmatic pollen load was largely responsible for the reduced seed production. The aim of the present study was to describe floral visitors of T. camschatcense in fragmented forests, where the availability of pollinators was hypothesized to be reduced (Tomimatsu & Ohara 2002). We observed floral visitors at five different-sized populations and examined the differences in species composition and visitation frequency among the populations. We also discuss the relationship between floral visitors and outcross pollen load, which was measured in our previous study (Tomimatsu & Ohara 2002).