Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile
Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile
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鳄梨作物作为智利本土蜜蜂的花卉资源
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
J. N. Mesquita‐Neto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Monzón;Patricio Avendaño;R. Araújo;Rubén Garrido;J. N. Mesquita‐Neto
背景智利是世界第二大鳄梨生产国。然而，在智利环境中，很少有关于本土蜜蜂和鳄梨授粉之间相互作用的研究。鳄梨的花期对温度波动非常敏感，因此环境条件，特别是凉爽的温度，会对其开花行为产生强烈影响。因此，我们的目的是确定温度是否也影响蜜蜂对鳄梨花的访问率，或者这是否是由于可用花的数量。此外，我们建议验证鳄梨花对本地蜜蜂的吸引力，并比较花处理时间和管理和本地蜜蜂之间收集的花卉资源类型。方法在2016年开花季节对位于智利地中海地区的“Hass”品种鳄梨果园进行了研究。分析了外来和本地蜂种在花、花物候和环境温度中的频率，并比较了外来和本地蜂种在鳄梨花中的觅食行为。结果在所研究的果园中，记录了5种智利本地种和2种外来种访问鳄梨花。蜜蜂通常寻找花蜜而不是花粉。欧洲蜜蜂（意大利蜜蜂）是最频繁的访花者，其次是本地物种Colletes cyanescens和Cadeguala oceanentalis。温度与访问次数呈强正相关，而开放的花朵数与访问次数无显著相关性。结论智利本土蜜蜂拜访鳄梨花，其中一些是频繁的访花者。它们通常寻找花蜜而不是花粉，并且像蜜蜂处理鳄梨花一样快。环境温度对鳄梨花中蜜蜂的频率起着关键作用。温暖的天气与更多的蜜蜂访问鳄梨花有关。
Background Chile is the second largest avocado producer in the world. However, there have been few studies on interactions between native bees and avocado pollination in a Chilean environment. The flowering period of avocado is very sensitive to temperature fluctuations and so environmental conditions, particularly cool temperatures, can have a strong influence on its floral behaviour. Thus, we aimed to determine whether temperature also influences bee visitation rates to avocado flowers or if this was due to the number of available flowers. Moreover, we proposed to verify the attractiveness of avocado flowers to native bees and compare flower handling time and type of floral resource collected between managed and native bees. Methods An avocado orchard of “Hass” cultivar located in the Mediterranean region of Chile was studied during the flowering season of 2016. The frequency of exotic and native bee species in flowers, floral phenology, and environmental temperature were analysed, and the foraging behaviours of exotic and native bee species in avocado flowers compared. Results Five Chilean native and two exotic species were recorded visiting avocado flowers at the studied orchard. The bees generally sought nectar rather than pollen. The European honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) was the most frequent flower visitor, followed by the native species Colletes cyanescens and Cadeguala occidentalis . There was a strong positive correlation between temperature and number of visits, but no significant correlation between number of open flowers and number of visits. Conclusions Native Chilean bees visited avocado flowers and some of them were frequent floral visitors. They generally sought for nectar rather than pollen and were as fast as honeybees handling avocado flowers. The environmental temperature plays a key role in the frequency of bees in avocado flowers. The warmer weather is related to the higher number of bees visits to avocado flowers.