Evolution of spiders from nocturnal to diurnal gave spider silks mechanical resistance against UV-irradiation
Evolution of spiders from nocturnal to diurnal gave spider silks mechanical resistance against UV-irradiation
复制标题
蜘蛛从夜间活动到白天活动的进化赋予蜘蛛丝对紫外线辐射的机械抵抗力
DOI：
10.1038/pj.2010.119
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Shigeyoshi Osaki and Masao Osaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y.Kunihashi;M.Kohda;J.Nitta;Shigeyoshi Osaki and Masao Osaki
在蜘蛛的进化史中，有些种类的蜘蛛已经从夜间生活方式转变为白天生活方式，它们生活环境的重要变化是阳光照射。昼行性蜘蛛的圆网可能会受到紫外线照射的显著影响，而夜行性蜘蛛的圆网可能不受影响。从进化的角度考虑紫外线对蜘蛛丝力学性能的影响是非常有趣的。圆网蜘蛛的网必须捕获昆虫猎物，这与构成圆网的蛛丝的断裂能量密切相关。研究了紫外线对昼行性和夜行性蜘蛛丝的机械性能，特别是机械断裂能的影响。紫外线机械地加强了白天活动的棒形络新妇和其他两种白天活动的蜘蛛（白腹银蛛和布鲁尼金蛛）的拖丝，这表明圆网捕获昆虫的能力需要较少的维护。然而，紫外线机械地削弱了夜行性Yaginumia sia和另一种夜行性蜘蛛（Neosona nautica）的拖丝，这表明圆网捕捉昆虫的能力下降。结果提供了强有力的支持，昼行性蜘蛛比夜行性蜘蛛处于更进化的阶段，因此它们分泌的丝具有进化的抗紫外线照射的机械抗性。这项研究为寻找抗紫外线的生物材料提供了一种手段。
During their evolutionary history, some species of spiders have changed from a nocturnal to a diurnal lifestyle, and the important change in their environment was irradiation by sunlight. Orb webs of diurnal spiders may be markedly affected by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, whereas those of nocturnal spiders may be unaffected. It is of great interest to consider the effects of UV rays on the mechanical properties of spider silks from the viewpoint of evolution. The webs of orb-weaving spiders must trap insect prey, which closely relates to the breaking energy of the spider silk constituting the orb webs. The effects of UV rays on the mechanical properties, particularly the mechanical breaking energy, of the silks of diurnal and nocturnal spiders were investigated. UV rays mechanically strengthened the draglines of diurnal Nephila clavata and two other kinds of diurnal spiders (Leucauge blanda and Argiope bruennichii), suggesting that the ability of the orb web to capture insects requires less maintenance. However, UV rays mechanically weakened the draglines of nocturnal Yaginumia sia and one other kind of nocturnal spider (Neosona nautica), suggesting a decrease in the ability of the orb web to capture insects. The results provide strong support that diurnal spiders are in a more evolved stage than nocturnal spiders, so they secrete silks with an evolved mechanical resistance against UV irradiation. This study suggests a means to search for biological materials with resistance to UV rays.