CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES, RADIAL GROWTH, AND MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE OF OAK TREES TO PHLOEM-BORING INSECTS
CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES, RADIAL GROWTH, AND MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE OF OAK TREES TO PHLOEM-BORING INSECTS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00317195
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
KIMMERER, TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DUNN, JP;POTTER, DA;KIMMERER, TW
双列栗螟Agrilus bilineatus（Weber）（鞘翅目：栗螟科）攻击橡树（Quercus spp.）已经被先前的环境或生物压力削弱了。我们早期的工作表明，冬季淀粉储备相对较低的树木更容易受到A。第二年夏天的bilineatus我们假设，这样的树木可能有较少的能量可用于防御（愈伤组织的形成和化感物质的合成）在组织中受伤的蛀虫幼虫。然而，受伤的实验表明，很少或没有关系之间的冬季或夏季碳水化合物储备，愈伤组织的形成，径向生长，或浓度的单宁和酚类在受伤或非受伤的韧皮部组织。冬季碳水化合物储备相对较低的树木再次被发现对成年A有吸引力。bilineatus，虽然不是所有的低淀粉树的攻击或成功地由蛀虫殖民。有一种趋势，木匠幼虫，Prinoxystus robiniae（鳞翅目：Cossidae），一个多面手树皮和木材的蛀虫，是更成功地建立画廊低淀粉的树木。木蠹蛾从对A有吸引力的树木上取食韧皮部时，体重显著增加。双线的橡树吸引了大量的A。bilineatus或成功地被钻蛀者定殖的树在实验性地在Agrilus卵孵化时受伤时产生的愈伤组织比未被攻击的树显著地少。愈伤组织的形成可能会限制在形成层区域缓慢进食的小幼虫的建立。这些结果表明，目前的理论关于树木压力增加和减少分配的能量储备径向生长和防御韧皮部蛀虫之间的关系可能是一个过于简单化。我们认为，树木的生长和韧皮部组织的防御反应可能受到限制的碳水化合物利用率或源库关系的变化比存储水平。愈伤组织的形成和受伤韧皮部化感物质的合成可能与形成层活化受到相同的控制，形成层活化由植物生长调节剂介导，并受环境条件的影响。
The twolined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), attacks oaks (Quercus spp.) that have been weakened by prior environmental or biotic stress. Our earlier work showed that trees with relatively low winter starch reserves are more likely to be attacked by A. bilineatus the following summer. We hypothesized that such trees may have less energy available for defense (Callus formation and allelochemical synthesis) in tissues wounded by borer larvae. However, wounding experiments showed little or no relationship between winter or summer carbohydrate reserves, callus formation, radial growth, or concentrations of tannins and phenolics in wounded or non-wounded phloem tissues. Trees with relatively low winter carbohydrate reserves were again found to be attractive to adult A. bilineatus, although not all low starch trees were attacked or successfully colonized by borers. There was a trend for carpenterworm larvae, Prinoxystus robiniae (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), a generalist bark and wood borer, to be more successful in establishing galleries on low starch trees. Carpenterworms gained significantly more weight when fed phloem from trees attractive to A. bilineatus. Oaks that attracted large numbers of A. bilineatus or that were successfully colonized by the borer produced significantly less callus than did non-attacked trees when experimentally wounded at about the time of Agrilus egg hatch. Callus formation may limit the establishment of small larvae that feed slowly in the cambial region. These results indicate that current theory regarding relationships between increased tree stress and decreased allocation of energy reserves to radial growth and defense against phloem borers may be an oversimplification. We suggest that tree growth and the defensive response of phloem tissues may be limited more by the rate of carbohydrate utilization or by changes in source-sink relationships than by storage levels. Callus formation and synthesis of allelochemicals in wounded phloem may be under the same control as cambial activation, which is mediated by plant growth regulators and can be influenced by environmental conditions.