Signed, sealed and delivered: "big tobacco" in Hollywood, 1927-1951.
Signed, sealed and delivered: "big tobacco" in Hollywood, 1927-1951.
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2008.025445
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发表时间：
2008-10
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Glantz SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lum KL;Polansky JR;Jackler RK;Glantz SA
在电影中吸烟与青少年和年轻人开始吸烟有关。在公共卫生方面，为了消除青少年可以接触到的电影中的吸烟镜头而做出的努力遭到了现状维护者的反对，他们将“经典”电影中的烟草形象与艺术性和怀旧联系在一起。本作品探讨了从20世纪20年代末到40年代，烟草公司和主要电影制片厂之间互利的商业合作。与好莱坞明星和电影制片厂的香烟代言合同是从加州大学旧金山分校（UCSF）遗产烟草文件图书馆和斯坦福大学Jackler广告收藏的内部烟草行业文件中获得的。从1927年到1951年，包括好莱坞代言在内的香烟广告活动出现了，1931-2年和1937-8年的主要活动是美国烟草公司的Lucky Strike，以及20世纪40年代末的Liggett & Myers的Chesterfield。美国烟草公司与电影明星和电影公司之间的代言合同和沟通清楚地揭示了这些活动的交叉推广价值。1937年至1938年，美国烟草公司向代言好彩香烟的电影明星支付了21850美元（相当于2008年的320万美元）作为他们的证言。好莱坞对香烟广告的支持为电影制片厂提供了全国范围的宣传，烟草行业的广告预算高达数百万美元。交叉推广是促使美国烟草和电影行业之间产生协同关系的动力。电影行业的文物，包括吸烟的“经典”电影和吸烟的迷人宣传形象，继续使公众对屏幕上的吸烟行为保持容忍。电影业中基于市场的抑制措施可能是解决好莱坞电影和香烟之间历史联系的一种方法。
Smoking in movies is associated with adolescent and young adult smoking initiation. Public health efforts to eliminate smoking from films accessible to youth have been countered by defenders of the status quo, who associate tobacco imagery in “classic” movies with artistry and nostalgia. The present work explores the mutually beneficial commercial collaborations between the tobacco companies and major motion picture studios from the late 1920s through the 1940s. Cigarette endorsement contracts with Hollywood stars and movie studios were obtained from internal tobacco industry documents at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Legacy Tobacco Documents Library and the Jackler advertising collection at Stanford. Cigarette advertising campaigns that included Hollywood endorsements appeared from 1927 to 1951, with major activity in 1931–2 and 1937–8 for American Tobacco Company’s Lucky Strike, and in the late 1940s for Liggett & Myers’ Chesterfield. Endorsement contracts and communication between American Tobacco and movie stars and studios explicitly reveal the cross-promotional value of the campaigns. American Tobacco paid movie stars who endorsed Lucky Strike cigarettes US$218 750 in 1937–8 (equivalent to US$3.2 million in 2008) for their testimonials. Hollywood endorsements in cigarette advertising afforded motion picture studios nationwide publicity supported by the tobacco industry’s multimillion US dollar advertising budgets. Cross-promotion was the incentive that led to a synergistic relationship between the US tobacco and motion picture industries, whose artefacts, including “classic” films with smoking and glamorous publicity images with cigarettes, continue to perpetuate public tolerance of onscreen smoking. Market-based disincentives within the film industry may be a solution to decouple the historical association between Hollywood films and cigarettes.
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Dalton, MA;Sargent, JD;Heatherton, TF
通讯作者：
Heatherton, TF
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Glantz, SA;Kacirk, KW;McCulloch, C
通讯作者：
McCulloch, C