Peopling of the northern Tibetan Plateau
Peopling of the northern Tibetan Plateau
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DOI：
10.1080/00438240600813301
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Xing, Gao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brantingham, P. Jeffrey;Xing, Gao
对青藏高原的早期考古调查得出的结论是，在大约 3 万年前，这个恶劣的高海拔环境就已经成功地被殖民了。遗传学研究倾向于支持这一观点，假设现代西藏人群独特进化的生理能力需要长期暴露于高海拔选择压力。然而，过去十年积累的考古证据表明，导致全职占领的殖民化发生得晚得多。季节性觅食进入高海拔地区。 30 和 15 卡路里。 ka 似乎是有限的“适应性辐射”，分别与高原周围低海拔源区旧石器时代早期和晚期适应的出现相一致。对高原的更永久占领可能在c之前才开始。 8200 卡路里BP 的出现可能是由于新兴的定居农业群体将旧石器时代晚期的采集者从低海拔环境中“竞争性排斥”所驱动的。 8200 cal之后，高原上出现了专门的旧石器时代外叶片和小叶片技术。 ka，可能表明“定向选择”对这些新的全职居民产生影响。农业学家“适应性辐射”到高原的中海拔地区，这一次导致了全年的占领，在 6000 cal 之后再次出现。血压。
Early archaeological investigations on the Tibetan Plateau concluded that this harsh, high-elevation environment was successfully colonized around 30,000 years ago. Genetic studies have tended to support this view on the assumption that the uniquely evolved physiological capacities seen among, modern Tibetan populations required long-term exposure to high-elevation selective pressures. Archaeological evidence amassed over the last decade suggests, however, that colonization leading to full-time occupation occurred much later. Seasonal foraging forays into high-elevation settings at c. 30 and 15 cal. ka appear to have been limited 'adaptive radiations' coincident, respectively, with the appearance of early and late Upper Palaeolithic adaptations in low-elevation source areas around the plateau. More permanent occupation of the plateau probably did not begin before c. 8200 cal. BP and may have been driven by 'competitive exclusion' of late Upper Palaeolithic foragers from low-elevation environments by emerging settled agricultural groups. The appearance of specialized epi-Palaeolithic blade and bladelet technologies on the high plateau, after 8200 cal. ka, may indicate 'directional selection' impacting on these new full-time residents. An 'adaptive radiation' of agriculturalists into the mid-elevations of the plateau, this time leading to year-round occupation, is again seen after 6000 cal. BP.