Solar asteroid diversion
Solar asteroid diversion
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DOI：
10.1038/366021a0
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发表时间：
1993-11
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
H. Melosh;I. Nemchinov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Melosh;I. Nemchinov
SIR-关于无症状HIV感染者淋巴结中存在大量病毒负荷的报告的解释的讨论1 -3是关于细节的争论，实质上双方都没有争议。基本上，HIV能够通过几种直接和间接的机制杀死或删除CD 4功能。这种病毒的多样性及其体外细胞病变的前景表明，疾病应迅速随之而来的感染。事实上，它通常不会，许多长期幸存者，以及黑猩猩，似乎并没有屈服于艾滋病毒感染的影响，强烈表明CD 4嗜性是不够的。Sheppard等人1的观点是正确的，因为免疫激活在决定疾病结局方面至关重要。在这方面，进展到AIDS具有慢性活化疾病的许多特征，无论是由作为超抗原的病毒（MMTV，MLV-Maids）还是由慢性同种异体刺激诱导4。免疫反应的普遍激活的一个结果是增加病毒负担，因此正在讨论的机制是互补的。由于几项研究清楚地显示了对HIV疾病快速进展的显著遗传易感性或抵抗力，并且在SLY感染的猕猴5（AIDS模型）中可以分离病毒载量和致病性，因此淋巴网状细胞病毒载量的重要性不能被认为是一个重要因素。
SIR-The discussion1-3 about the interpretation of the reports of a large viral burden in the lymph nodes of asymptomatic people infected with HIV is an argument about details which in essence are not disputed by either side. Essentially, HIV is able to kill or delete CD4 function by several direct and indirect mechanisms. The diversity of this virus and its cytopathic prospectives in vitro suggest that disease should rapidly ensue following infection. The fact that it usually does not and that many longterm survivors, as well as chimpanzees, do not seem to be succumbing to the effects of HIV infection, strongly suggests that CD4 tropism is not sufficient. Sheppard et al. 1 are right in that immune activation is of paramount importance in determining disease outcome. In this regard, progression to AIDS has many features of disease of chronic activation, whether induced by viruses acting as superantigens (MMTV, MLV-Maids) or by chronic allogeneic stimuli4. One outcome of the generalized activation of the immune response is to increase the virus burden, therefore the mechanisms under debate are complementary. As several studies clearly show either a marked genetic predisposition or resistance to rapid HIV disease progression, and the virus load and pathogenicity can be separated in the SlY-infected macaque5 (a model for AIDS), the importance of the lymphoreticular viral burden cannot