Evaluation of radiation doses and associated risk from the Fukushima nuclear accident to marine biota and human consumers of seafood
Evaluation of radiation doses and associated risk from the Fukushima nuclear accident to marine biota and human consumers of seafood
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1221834110
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发表时间：
2013-06-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Garnier-Laplace, Jacqueline
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, Nicholas S.;Beaugelin-Seiller, Karine;Garnier-Laplace, Jacqueline
2011年3月日本地震和海啸后受损的福岛核反应堆产生的放射性同位素在常驻海洋动物和洄游太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼中被发现。这一信息的公布引起了全世界的反应，引起了公众的焦虑和关注，尽管2011年8月在加州捕获的PBFT的放射性浓度低于天然存在的放射性核素。为了将放射性与可能的健康损害联系起来，我们计算了海洋生物群和人类鱼类消费者的剂量，这些剂量可归因于福岛衍生的和天然存在的放射性核素。我们发现，在所有情况下的剂量占主导地位的自然发生的α-发射体Po-210和福岛衍生剂量低于Po-210衍生剂量的三至四个数量级。海洋生物群的剂量比为生态系统提议的最低基准保护水平（10 mu戈伊.h（-1））低两个数量级。据计算，在美国，普通消费者和自给渔民因食用受污染的多溴联苯醚而受到的福岛放射性核素的额外剂量分别为0.9和4.7 mu Sv。这些剂量相当于或低于所有人类从许多食品、医疗、航空旅行或其他背景来源中天然存在的放射性核素中常规获得的剂量。虽然在评估低剂量电离辐射对人类的致癌风险方面仍存在不确定性，但据估计，自给性渔民从多溴联苯醚消费中接受的剂量可导致每10，000，000名受到类似辐射的人中增加两例致命癌症病例。
Radioactive isotopes originating from the damaged Fukushima nuclear reactor in Japan following the earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 were found in resident marine animals and in migratory Pacific bluefin tuna (PBFT). Publication of this information resulted in aworldwide response that caused public anxiety and concern, although PBFT captured off California in August 2011 contained activity concentrations below those from naturally occurring radionuclides. To link the radioactivity to possible health impairments, we calculated doses, attributable to the Fukushima-derived and the naturally occurring radionuclides, to both the marine biota and human fish consumers. We showed that doses in all cases were dominated by the naturally occurring alpha-emitter Po-210 and that Fukushima-derived doses were three to four orders of magnitude below Po-210-derived doses. Doses to marine biota were about two orders of magnitude below the lowest benchmark protection level proposed for ecosystems (10 mu Gy.h(-1)). The additional dose from Fukushima radionuclides to humans consuming tainted PBFT in the United States was calculated to be 0.9 and 4.7 mu Sv for average consumers and subsistence fishermen, respectively. Such doses are comparable to, or less than, the dose all humans routinely obtain from naturally occurring radionuclides in many food items, medical treatments, air travel, or other background sources. Although uncertainties remain regarding the assessment of cancer risk at low doses of ionizing radiation to humans, the dose received from PBFT consumption by subsistence fishermen can be estimated to result in two additional fatal cancer cases per 10,000,000 similarly exposed people.