From traditional orchards to advanced fruitculture: establishing the bases of commercial horticulture in Afghanistan
From traditional orchards to advanced fruitculture: establishing the bases of commercial horticulture in Afghanistan
复制标题
从传统果园到先进果树栽培：在阿富汗建立商业园艺基地
DOI：
10.13128/ahs-20349
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Giordani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Masini;E. Giordani
阿富汗经济基本上以初级部门，即水果生产为基础。作为沿着“丝绸之路”贸易的十字路口，当地传统的水果文化以巴格（家庭花园）为基础，在物种和品种方面广泛多样。阿富汗的干鲜水果（即葡萄干）和坚果香甜可口，深受国内外消费者的喜爱。繁殖材料的可追溯性和质量的缺乏一直被认为是阻碍先进园艺发展的基本瓶颈之一。在2006-2015年期间，由欧盟委员会-欧洲援助方案资助的多年生园艺发展项目一直在支持阿富汗农业、灌溉和畜牧部，通过收集和选择当地水果品种的过程，以改善私人苗圃系统和多年生园艺。大约850种不同果树品种的种质已被收集并进入六个PHD中心的国家收藏，在那里它们经过标准化的表征和鉴定程序，以便正式登记在国家名单中，从而有助于它们的维护和保护。最好的加入被用作源植物检疫索引后，也在许多适应性实验的跟踪繁殖系统。该方案促进了技术和体制层面的能力建设，促进了苗圃部门协会的建立，提供了专门知识，并发展了阿富汗国家苗圃种植者组织（ANNGO）和阿富汗国家园艺发展组织（ANHDO），主要涉及价值链。
The Afghan economy is based essentially on the primary sector and, namely, on fruit production. A cross road of trade along the "Silk route", local traditional fruitculture based on the bagh (home garden) is widely variegated in terms of species and varieties. Afghan fresh and dried fruits (namely raisins) and nuts, sweet and rich in flavors, are demanded by domestic and foreign consumers. The lack of traceability and quality of the propagation material has been considered one of the basic bottle necks hindering development of an advanced horticulture. During the period 2006-2015 the Perennial Horticulture Development Project (PHDP), funded by the EC-EuropeAid Program, has been supporting the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock of Afghanistan through a process of collection and selection of local fruit varieties in order to improve the private nursery system, as well as perennial horticulture. About 850 accessions of different fruit tree species have been collected and entered into the National Collections at six PHD Centres, where they undergo a standardised characterisation and identification procedure in order to be formally registered in a national list, hence contributing to their safeguard and protection. The best accessions were used as source for a traced propagation system after phytosanitary indexing and also in numerous adaptive experimentations. The PHDP contributed in capacity building at technical and institutional level, fostering the establishment of nursery sector associations, providing expertise and developing the Afghanistan National Nursery Growers Organization (ANNGO) and the apex Afghanistan National Horticulture Development Organization (ANHDO), mainly concerned with value chains.