Impact of genetically modified crops on soil- and plant-associated microbial communities
Impact of genetically modified crops on soil- and plant-associated microbial communities
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DOI：
10.2134/jeq2004.0806
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Germida, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunfield, KE;Germida, JJ
转基因或基因修饰的植物具有赋予有益特性如除草剂抗性的新基因。在转基因作物的环境风险评估中，人们最不了解的领域之一是它们对土壤和植物相关微生物群落的影响。转基因植物与植物残体和土壤微生物群落之间相互作用的潜力还没有得到很好的理解。由于认识到这些相互作用可能改变微生物的生物多样性并影响生态系统的功能，因此在这一领域开展了数量有限的研究。目前，研究表明，转基因可以通过水平基因转移转移到原生土壤微生物中，尽管没有证据表明这种情况在土壤中发生。此外，新的蛋白质已被证明从转基因植物释放到土壤生态系统中，它们的存在可以通过选择性地刺激可以使用它们的生物体的生长来影响微生物群落的生物多样性。当与转基因植物相关联时，微生物多样性可以改变;然而，这些影响是可变的和短暂的。土壤和植物相关的微生物群落不仅受植物种类和转基因插入的影响，而且受环境因素如田间位置和采样日期的影响。微生物群落多样性的微小变化可能会影响土壤健康和生态系统功能，因此，植物品种可能对根际微生物种群动态的影响，进而对植物生长、健康和生态系统可持续性的影响，需要进一步研究。
Transgenic or genetically modified plants possess novel genes that impart beneficial characteristics such as herbicide resistance. One of the least understood areas in the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crops is their impact on soil- and plant-associated microbial communities. The potential for interaction between transgenic plants and plant residues and the soil microbial community is not well understood. The recognition that these interactions could change microbial biodiversity and affect ecosystem functioning has initiated a limited number of studies in the area. At this time, studies have shown the possibility that transgenes can be transferred to native soil microorganisms through horizontal gene transfer, although there is not evidence of this occurring in the soil. Furthermore, novel proteins have been shown to be released from transgenic plants into the soil ecosystem, and their presence can influence the biodiversity of the microbial community by selectively stimulating the growth of organisms that can use them. Microbial diversity can be altered when associated with transgenic plants; however, these effects are both variable and transient. Soil- and plant-associated microbial communities are influenced not only by plant species and transgene insertion but also by environmental factors such as field site and sampling date. Minor alterations in the diversity of the microbial community could affect soil health and ecosystem functioning, and therefore, the impact that plant variety may have on the dynamics of the rhizosphere microbial populations and in turn plant growth and health and ecosystem sustainability, requires further study.