Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferases are required for cell adhesion and morphogenesis in the Ciona intestinalis embryo.
Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferases are required for cell adhesion and morphogenesis in the Ciona intestinalis embryo.
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软骨素 4-O-磺基转移酶是玻璃海鞘胚胎中细胞粘附和形态发生所必需的。
DOI：
10.1111/dgd.12188
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakamura;J.;Tetsukawa;A. & Fujiwara;S.
硫酸软骨素（CS）是蛋白聚糖的碳水化合物组分。几种类型的磺基转移酶决定CS硫酸化的模式，从而调节蛋白聚糖的生物学功能。原脊索动物海鞘是脊椎动物的近亲，但其磺基转移酶的功能尚未得到研究。在此，我们发现两种软骨素4-O-磺基转移酶（C4 STs）在海鞘的胚胎形态发生中起着重要作用，Ci-C4 ST-like 1主要在表皮和肌肉中表达。表皮和肌肉细胞在注射aCi-C4 ST样1特异性吗啉代寡聚物（MO）后变成球形，从而表明细胞粘附减弱。共注射表达aCi-C4 ST-like 1的转基因挽救了表型，表明MO的作用是特异性的。Ci-C4 ST-like 3在中枢神经系统、肌肉和间充质中表达。一个特定的MO似乎影响表皮和肌肉中的细胞粘附。脊索细胞的会聚伸展运动也受到损害。Ci-C4 ST-like 3的强制表达恢复了正常的形态发生，表明MO的作用是特异性的。目前的研究表明，Ci-C4 ST-like 1和Ci-C4 ST-like 3是主要在表皮和肌肉中的细胞粘附所必需的。
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a carbohydrate component of proteoglycans. Several types of sulfotransferases determine the pattern of CS sulfation, and thus regulate the biological functions of proteoglycans. The protochordate ascidians are the closest relatives of vertebrates, but the functions of their sulfotransferases have not been investigated. Here, we show that two chondroitin 4‐O‐sulfotransferases (C4STs) play important roles in the embryonic morphogenesis of the ascidianCiona intestinalis.Ci‐C4ST‐like1is predominantly expressed in the epidermis and muscle. Epidermal and muscle cells became spherical upon the injection of aCi‐C4ST‐like1‐specific morpholino oligo (MO), thus suggesting weakened cell adhesion. Co‐injection of aCi‐C4ST‐like1‐expressing transgene rescued the phenotype, suggesting that the effects of the MO were specific.Ci‐C4ST‐like3was expressed in the central nervous system, muscle, and mesenchyme. A specific MO appeared to affect cell adhesion in the epidermis and muscle. Convergent extension movement of notochordal cells was also impaired. Forced expression ofCi‐C4ST‐like3restored normal morphogenesis, suggesting that the effects of the MO were specific. The present study suggests thatCi‐C4ST‐like1andCi‐C4ST‐like3are required for cell adhesion mainly in the epidermis and muscle.