Do Highly Paid, Highly Skilled Women Experience the Largest Motherhood Penalty?
Do Highly Paid, Highly Skilled Women Experience the Largest Motherhood Penalty?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0003122416673598
复制
发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Hodges, Melissa J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
England, Paula;Bearak, Jonathan;Hodges, Melissa J.
做母亲会降低妇女的工资。但是，这种惩罚的大小是否在更多和更少的女性之间有所不同？为了回答这个问题，我们使用了具有个人固定效应的无条件分位数回归模型，以及1979年至2010年全国青年纵向调查（NLSY 79）的面板数据。我们发现，在白色女性中，拥有高技能和高工资的最受欢迎的女性经历了最高的总惩罚，估计包括因失去经验而产生的影响。虽然高技能、高收入的妇女有相当连续的经验，但她们的高经验回报使她们中的一些人为了抚养孩子而失业的时间即使很短，也是昂贵的。相比之下，扣除经验后的处罚可能代表雇主的歧视或母亲身份对工作业绩的影响，但对高工资的高技能妇女来说并不明显。
Motherhood reduces women's wages. But does the size of this penalty differ between more and less advantaged women? To answer this, we use unconditional quantile regression models with person-fixed effects, and panel data from the 1979 to 2010 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). We find that among white women, the most privilegedwomen with high skills and high wagesexperience the highest total penalties, estimated to include effects mediated through lost experience. Although highly skilled, highly paid women have fairly continuous experience, their high returns to experience make even the small amounts of time some of them take out of employment for childrearing costly. By contrast, penalties net of experience, which may represent employer discrimination or effects of motherhood on job performance, are not distinctive for highly skilled women with high wages.