Applications and Conclusions
Applications and Conclusions
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应用与结论
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. H. King
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文献类型：
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作者：
W. H. King
从同位素位移中可以得到的信息在不同的元素中是非常不同的。在最简单的元素氢中，人们更感兴趣的是从假设的无限重点核的位移，而不是实际同位素之间的位移。这是因为单电子原子的结构是毫无疑问的，但是将实验与理论进行比较可以检验所涉及的理论，即相对论量子电动力学。目前，有一个量必须作为生命的实验事实而加入，而没有任何普遍接受的从理论上对它的价值的评价，这就是电子与质子的质量比。如第3.1节所述，该比值的最佳值可能来自氢光谱中的同位素位移测量，但另一种方法（Graff等人，1980），这可能会给出更高的精度，是比较质子和电子在同一磁场中的回旋频率。另一个必须测量的量是核电荷分布的大小，但在氢的情况下，即使在最精确的工作中，场位移也几乎不显著，因此只需要一个近似值。
The information which can be obtained from isotope shifts is very different in different elements. In the simplest element, hydrogen, the interest is more in the shift from the hypothetical infinitely heavy point nucleus than in the shift between actual isotopes. This is because there is no doubt about the structure of a single-electron atom but a comparison of experiment with theory enables the theory involved, relativistic quantum electrodynamics, to be tested. One quantity which at present has to be inserted as an experimental fact of life, without any generally accepted evaluation of its value from theory, is the electron-to-proton mass ratio. As mentioned in Section 3.1, the best value for this ratio may come from isotope shift measurements in the spectrum of hydrogen, but an alternative method (Graff et al., 1980), which may give even higher precision, is to compare the cyclotron frequencies of protons and electrons in the same magnetic field. Another quantity which has to be measured is the size of the nuclear charge distribution, but in the case of hydrogen the field shift is barely significant, even in the most precise work, and so only an approximate value is required.