Variability in the Composition of Pacific Oyster Microbiomes Across Oyster Families Exhibiting Different Levels of Susceptibility to OsHV-1 μvar Disease
Variability in the Composition of Pacific Oyster Microbiomes Across Oyster Families Exhibiting Different Levels of Susceptibility to OsHV-1 μvar Disease
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2019.00473
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发表时间：
2019-03-11
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Labbate, Maurizio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
King, William L.;Siboni, Nachshon;Labbate, Maurizio
牡蛎疾病是牡蛎养殖业盈利和增长的主要障碍。近年来，由牡蛎疱疹病毒-1微变种（OsHV-1 mu var）引起的疾病在地理上广泛爆发，导致巨牡蛎（太平洋牡蛎）大规模死亡。尽量减少这种疾病影响的努力主要集中在育种计划上，尽管这些计划在生产降低死亡率的牡蛎家族方面取得了一些成功，但这种保护背后的机制却知之甚少。一个可能的因素是巨大梭菌微生物组的改变。为了探索 OsHV-1 mu var 抗性育种如何影响牡蛎微生物群，我们使用 16S rRNA 扩增子测序来表征与 35 个 C. gigas 家族相关的细菌群落，其中纳入了对 OsHV-1 mu var 疾病易感性不同水平的牡蛎。疾病易感家族的微生物组与抗病家族的微生物组显着不同。属于发光杆菌属、弧菌属、阿里弧菌属、链球菌属和玫瑰花属的 OTU 与低抗病性相关。为了部分支持这一发现，qPCR 发现，在低抗病性家族中，弧菌特异性 16S rRNA 基因拷贝数在统计学上显着增加，这可能表明宿主对这些病原体的免疫反应降低。除了这些结果之外，对核心微生物组的检查表明，每个科都拥有一个小型核心群落，其中 OTU 属于 Winogradskyella 属，而慢生根瘤菌科 (Bradyrhizobiaceae) 的成员在大多数抗病科中都是一致的。这项研究检查了表现出不同水平的 OsHV-1 mu var 疾病抗性的牡蛎家族的微生物组模式，并揭示了一些可能在 OsHV-1 mu var 疾病爆发中发挥保护或有害作用的关键细菌类群。
Oyster diseases are a major impediment to the profitability and growth of the oyster aquaculture industry. In recent years, geographically widespread outbreaks of disease caused by ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant (OsHV-1 mu var) have led to mass mortalities among Crassostrea gigas, the Pacific Oyster. Attempts to minimize the impact of this disease have been largely focused on breeding programs, and although these have shown some success in producing oyster families with reduced mortality, the mechanism(s) behind this protection is poorly understood. One possible factor is modification of the C. gigas microbiome. To explore how breeding for resistance to OsHV-1 mu var affects the oyster microbiome, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the bacterial communities associated with 35 C. gigas families, incorporating oysters with different levels of susceptibility to OsHV-1 mu var disease. The microbiomes of disease-susceptible families were significantly different to the microbiomes of disease-resistant families. OTUs assigned to the Photobacterium, Vibrio, Aliivibrio, Streptococcus, and Roseovarius genera were associated with low disease resistance. In partial support of this finding, qPCR identified a statistically significant increase of Vibrio-specific 16S rRNA gene copies in the low disease resistance families, possibly indicative of a reduced host immune response to these pathogens. In addition to these results, examination of the core microbiome revealed that each family possessed a small core community, with OTUs assigned to the Winogradskyella genus and the Bradyrhizobiaceae family consistent members across most disease-resistant families. This study examines patterns in the microbiome of oyster families exhibiting differing levels of OsHV-1 mu var disease resistance and reveals some key bacterial taxa that may provide a protective or detrimental role in OsHV-1 mu var disease outbreaks.