Explaining Species Richness from Continents to Communities: The Time‐for‐Speciation Effect in Emydid Turtles
Explaining Species Richness from Continents to Communities: The Time‐for‐Speciation Effect in Emydid Turtles
复制标题
DOI：
10.1086/345091
复制
发表时间：
2002-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Stephens;J. Wiens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Stephens;J. Wiens
物种形成是最终产生物种丰富度的过程。然而，物种形成在一个地区建立多样性所需的时间很少被认为是物种丰富度模式的解释。我们探讨了这种“时间为物种形成效应”的模式，在emydid龟的物种丰富度。在北美东部（特别是东南部），有一种惊人的模式，即物种丰富度高，而在其他地区多样性低。在大陆尺度上，物种丰富度与emydids存在的时间和每个区域的物种形成呈正相关，北美东部是祖先区域。在北美东部，东南部较高的区域物种丰富度与较小的地理范围大小相关，而不是南部社区的本地物种丰富度。我们认为，这些模式的地理范围大小的变化和本地和区域物种丰富度在北美东部是由冰川作用，异域物种形成，和时间的物种形成效应。我们认为，异域物种形成可以同时减少地理范围的大小和增加区域多样性，而不增加本地多样性和地理范围大小可以决定α，β和γ多样性之间的关系。物种形成时间效应可能通过不同空间尺度的各种过程来决定物种丰富度的不同模式。
Speciation is the process that ultimately generates species richness. However, the time required for speciation to build up diversity in a region is rarely considered as an explanation for patterns of species richness. We explored this “time‐for‐speciation effect” on patterns of species richness in emydid turtles. Emydids show a striking pattern of high species richness in eastern North America (especially the southeast) and low diversity in other regions. At the continental scale, species richness is positively correlated with the amount of time emydids have been present and speciating in each region, with eastern North America being the ancestral region. Within eastern North America, higher regional species richness in the southeast is associated with smaller geographic range sizes and not greater local species richness in southern communities. We suggest that these patterns of geographic range size variation and local and regional species richness in eastern North America are caused by glaciation, allopatric speciation, and the time‐for‐speciation effect. We propose that allopatric speciation can simultaneously decrease geographic range size and increase regional diversity without increasing local diversity and that geographic range size can determine the relationship between α, β, and γ diversity. The time‐for‐speciation effect may act through a variety of processes at different spatial scales to determine diverse patterns of species richness.