Alcohol and cancer.
Alcohol and cancer.
复制标题
酒精与癌症。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4613-1835-4_34
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Conner,MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rogers,AE;Conner,MW
始终与摄入酒精相关的癌症，即头颈癌，也与烟草使用相关，并且由与两种药剂直接接触的上皮细胞引起。在不直接接触酒精饮料的部位，即肺，膀胱，也许还有胰腺，吸烟相关的癌症并不总是显示与饮酒的关系，尽管在一些研究中肺和胰腺肿瘤相关。从流行病学的角度来看，肝癌与酒精消费密切相关，因为它与肝硬化有关。随着对某些疾病的病毒病因学知识的发展和检测病毒的方法的发展，B型肝炎病毒与肝细胞癌之间的显著相关性已变得清晰。酒精和B型肝炎病毒可能在疾病的病因中相互作用，并且也具有重要的单独作用。有流行病学和实验数据表明，营养不良（由于食物选择不当），经济贫困或酗酒会导致头部，颈部和肝癌的风险。结肠癌在男性和女性中的发生率大致相同，在营养良好的人群中发现，并且与吸烟无关。直肠癌在男性中占优势，但也经常在女性中发现，并且被认为与吸烟或营养不良无关。结直肠癌和饮酒之间的关联，当它被发现时，显然发生在甚至相对较低的酒精摄入量，并且通常比其他饮料更强的啤酒消费。酒精对致癌作用影响的营养和代谢机制得到了人类受试者和实验室动物研究的支持。需要动物模型，其中乙醇对致癌作用的影响可以得到一致的证明，然后可以用来检查机制。
The cancers consistently associated with ingestion of alcohol, the head and neck cancers, are also associated with tobacco use and arise from epithelia that are in direct contact with both agents. Tobacco smoking-related cancers at sites not directly in contact with alcoholic beverages, that is, lung, bladder, and perhaps pancreas, do not consistently show a relationship to alcohol consumption, although lung and pancreatic tumors are associated in some studies. Liver cancer was thought to be strongly related to alcohol consumption on epidemiological grounds and because of its relationship to cirrhosis. As knowledge of the viral etiology of some cirrhoses has evolved and as methods to detect viruses have developed, the significant association between hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma has become clear. Alcohol and hepatitis B virus may interact in the etiology of the disease and have important separate roles as well. There are epidemiologic and experimental data showing that malnutrition (resulting from poor food choice), economic deprivation, or alcoholism contributes to the risk for head, neck, and liver cancers. Colon cancers occur about equally in men and women, are found in well-nourished populations, and are not associated with tobacco smoking. Rectal cancers show a preponderance of cases in men but are frequently found in women as well and are not thought to be associated with smoking or malnutrition. The association between colorectal cancers and alcohol consumption, when it is found, apparently occurs at even relatively low alcohol intakes and is often stronger for consumption of beer than of other beverages. Nutritional and metabolic mechanisms proposed for the influence of alcohol on carcinogenesis are supported by studies in human subjects and laboratory animals. Animal models are needed in which effects of ethanol on carcinogenesis can be consistently demonstrated and which can then be used to examine mechanisms.
确定抽样方案中家庭规模分布参数的估计：数值结果。
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
W. Ewens;B. Asaba
通讯作者：
B. Asaba
家庭规模分布和尤文斯等价定理。
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Hodge,SE
通讯作者：
Hodge,SE