Between Persistence and Flexibility: The Yin and Yang of Action Control
Between Persistence and Flexibility: The Yin and Yang of Action Control
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/bs.adms.2015.04.003
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hommel, Bernhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hommel, Bernhard
传统的动作控制方法假设存在一个或多或少单一的控制系统，该系统与自动过程引起的动作倾向作斗争，并用于克服自动过程引起的动作倾向。在本文中，我指出了这一点以及为什么这些方法无法捕捉认知控制的复杂性和动态性。我描述了另一种方法，它假设控制来自至少两种反作用力的相互作用：一个系统促进持久性和维持行动目标，另一个系统促进心理和行为灵活性。我描述了这种相互作用如何受到各种因素的影响，包括遗传倾向、学习、个人经历和文化背景，并提出了一个简单的功能模型（元控制状态模型，MSM）来解释这种塑造过程是如何运作的。然后，我概述了各个领域（包括感知、注意力、表现监控、冲突解决、创造力、冥想、宗教以及人际感知和行为）的研究，这些研究成功地测试了 MSM 的预测。
Traditional approaches to action control assume the existence of a more or less unitary control system that struggles with, and serves to overcome action tendencies induced by automatic processes. In this article, I point out that and why these approaches fail to capture the complexity and dynamics of cognitive control. I describe an alternative approach that assumes that control emerges from the interaction of at least two counteracting forces: one system promoting persistence and the maintenance of action goals and another promoting mental and behavioral flexibility. I describe how this interaction might be shaped by various factors, including genetic predisposition, learning, personal experience, and the cultural context, and suggest a simple functional model (the Metacontrol State Model, MSM) that explains how this shaping process works. Then I provide an overview of studies from various fields (including perception, attention, performance monitoring, conflict resolution, creativity, meditation, religion, and interpersonal perception and behavior) that successfully tested predictions from the MSM.