Medical Legal Aspects of Telemedicine in Italy: Application Fields, Professional Liability and Focus on Care Services During the COVID-19 Health Emergency.
Medical Legal Aspects of Telemedicine in Italy: Application Fields, Professional Liability and Focus on Care Services During the COVID-19 Health Emergency.
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DOI：
10.1177/2150132720985055
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Dell'Erba A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferorelli D;Nardelli L;Spagnolo L;Corradi S;Silvestre M;Misceo F;Marrone M;Zotti F;Mandarelli G;Solarino B;Dell'Erba A
远程医疗服务可分为专家远程医疗、远程保健和远程援助等大类。从监管的角度来看，在意大利，政府与各地区之间关于载有“远程医疗-国家准则”的文件的协议是专门针对实施远程医疗服务的第一项规定，该协议由上级卫生理事会大会在2012年7月10日的会议上批准，并由国家地区会议在2014年2月20日的会议上批准。从科学的角度来看，文献中的几项研究表明，信息和通信技术在规划和做出适当的决策方面具有很大的潜力，可以为患者提供及时的工具，从而降低医疗保健服务的成本。另一个明显的好处是平等获得保健服务。远程医疗的发展带来了一系列法律的问题，从授权和认证问题到保护病人隐私问题，在没有具体管理规定的情况下，这些问题的定义和解决办法主要留给对迄今为止所采用的做法与一般管理框架的兼容性进行评估。在专业责任方面，有必要首先澄清远程医疗服务与任何诊断-治疗保健服务具有可比性，因为远程医疗服务并不取代传统保健服务，而是将后者整合起来，以提高其有效性、效率和适当性。
Telemedicine services can be classified into the macro-categories of specialist Telemedicine, Tele-health and Tele-assistance. From a regulatory perspective, in Italy, the first provision dedicated to the implementation of Telemedicine services is represented by the Agreement between the Government and the Regions on the document bearing “Telemedicine—National guidelines,” approved by the General Assembly of the Superior Health Council in the session of 10th July 2012 and by the State Regions Conference in the session of 20th February 2014. Scientifically, several studies in the literature state that information and communication technologies have great potential to reduce the costs of health care services in terms of planning and making appropriate decisions that provide timely tools to patients. Another clear benefit is the equity of access to health care. The evolution of telemedicine poses a series of legal problems ranging from the profiles on the subject of authorization and accreditation to those concerning the protection of patient confidentiality, the definition and solution of which, in the absence of specific regulatory provisions, is mainly left to the assessment of compatibility of the practices adopted so far, with the general regulatory framework. In terms of professional liability, it is necessary to first clarify that the telemedicine service is comparable to any diagnostic-therapeutic health service considering that the telemedicine service does not replace the traditional health service, but integrates the latter to improve its effectiveness, efficiency and appropriateness.