The irrelevant-speech effect and children: Theoretical implications of developmental change
The irrelevant-speech effect and children: Theoretical implications of developmental change
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03194948
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发表时间：
2002-04-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Elliott, EM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elliott, EM
不相关言语效应指的是在不相关的听觉刺激下发现回忆能力受损的现象。关于这种效应有两大类理论，都允许分散注意力的声音自动进入处理系统，但在如何涉及注意力方面有所不同。作为现有无关言语效应理论讨论的一个证据来源，考察了儿童和成人在具有无关声音(语音和声调)的视觉连续回忆任务中的表现。无关紧要的声音对表现的影响程度随着年龄的增长而降低。在最需要注意控制的条件下(词汇，尤其是变化词)，发展差异显著。研究人员根据当前的记忆模型对这些发现进行了解释。包含注意力控制角色的无关言语效应理论比那些没有特定注意力控制角色的理论更适合处理结果。
The irrelevant-speech effect refers to the finding of impaired recall performance in the presence of irrelevant auditory stimuli. Two broad classes of theories exist for the effect, both allowing automatic entry of the distracting sounds into the processing system but differing in how attention is involved. As one source of evidence in the discussion of existing theories of the irrelevant-speech effect, the performance of children and adults on a visual serial recall task with irrelevant sounds (speech and tones) was examined. The magnitude of the effects of irrelevant sounds on performance decreased with age. The developmental differences were marked in the conditions with the greatest need for attentional control (words and especially changing words). The findings were interpreted with respect to current models of memory. Theories of the irrelevant-speech effect that include a role for attentional control were better suited to handle the results than those without a specified role for attention.