Longitudinal assessment of climate vulnerability: a case study from the Canadian Arctic
Longitudinal assessment of climate vulnerability: a case study from the Canadian Arctic
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DOI：
10.1007/s11625-016-0401-5
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Allurut, Mishak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Archer, Lewis;Ford, James D.;Allurut, Mishak
北极是气候变化的全球热点，气候变化正在影响偏远因纽特人社区的生计。我们利用2004年和2015年在努纳武特Ikpiarjuk(北极湾)进行的田野调查，重点关注与自给性收获活动相关的风险，对气候变化脆弱性进行了纵向评估。具体地说，我们使用相同的概念和方法来确定和描述谁是脆弱的，面对什么压力，以及为什么，评估这种情况随着时间的推移发生了什么变化，包括重新采访参与最初研究的个人。我们发现这两个时期有相似之处，2004年记录的许多环境变化在过去十年中加速，加剧了陆地利用的风险：在这两个时期，海冰状况和风型的变化都是最广泛记录的，新的观察报告更频繁地看到北极熊和虎鲸。社会经济和技术变化改变了气候变化的背景，气候变化的影响正在经历和应对，与2004年相比，这既加剧了脆弱性，也缓解了脆弱性。包括GPS在内的新技术的采用和互联网的广泛使用，帮助土地用户管理不断变化的条件，同时共享网络仍然强大，尽管在2004年的研究中指出，人们担心共享网络正在减弱。获得财政资源方面的挑战，以及对一些环境知识和土地技能不能完全传授给年轻一代的关切，继续增加敏感性，限制适应不断变化的气候条件的能力。
The Arctic is a global hotspot of climate change, which is impacting the livelihoods of remote Inuit communities. We conduct a longitudinal assessment of climate change vulnerability drawing upon fieldwork conducted in 2004 and 2015 in Ikpiarjuk (Arctic Bay), Nunavut, and focusing on risks associated with subsistence harvesting activities. Specifically, we employ the same conceptual and methodological approach to identify and characterize who is vulnerable, to what stresses, and why, assessing how this has changed over time, including re-interviewing individuals involved in the original study. We find similarities between the two periods, with many of the observed environmental changes documented in 2004 having accelerated over the last decade, exacerbating risks of land use: changing sea ice regimes and wind patterns are the most widely documented at both times, with new observations reporting more frequent sighting of polar bear and orca. Socio-economic and technological changes have altered the context in climate change impacts are being experienced and responded to, both exacerbating and moderating vulnerabilities compared to 2004. The adoption of new technology, including GPS and widespread use of the internet, has helped land users manage changing conditions while sharing networks remain strong, despite concern noted in the 2004 study that they were weakening. Challenges around access to financial resources and concern over the incomplete transmission of some environmental knowledge and land skills to younger generations continue to increase sensitivity and limit adaptive capacity to changing climatic conditions.