Psychophysiology : The Mind – Body Perspective
Psychophysiology : The Mind – Body Perspective
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心理生理学：心灵-身体视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Richard J. Davidson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Hugdahl;Richard J. Davidson
这卷是一个非常受欢迎的除了相对有限的一套文本的学生心理生理学。肯尼思·休达尔（Kenneth Hugdahl）是一位非常广泛的心理生理学家，他在自己的研究中使用了所有主要的反应系统，并对实验和临床神经心理学做出了重要贡献。因此，他完全有能力在这一领域编写一份特别有特色的案文，他已经兑现了承诺。这篇课文的目的是介绍这门学科。因此，作者并不假设读者有任何先决条件。这种观点将成为学生使用这本书的优点。文本可以作为一个有用的概述研究生，同时仍然保持足够简单，作为主要来源，偶尔本科课程的心理生理学。这本书非常有用的组成部分之一是经常转介读者感兴趣的更深入的其他主要来源。这些信息是为所有介绍的主要概念和方法提供的。每一章还包括一个简短的总结，为读者提供了一个有用的提醒，其中涉及的要点。正文分为三个部分，沿着一个结语。第一部分是学科概述。我认为这个概述是文本中特别有用的组成部分，因为它向学生介绍了主题的兴奋之处。Hugdahl将心理生理学直接置于认知和情感神经科学中，因此，对有关心灵-大脑-身体关系的古老问题提供了一个令人耳目一新的视角。Hugdahl对心理生理学也有非常广泛的看法，并在其范围内包括神经内分泌和神经成像方法。考虑到心理生理学在历史上致力于使用相对非侵入性的方法探索完整人类的大脑-行为关系，这种广度是完全合适的。在这第一部分，Hugdahl向读者介绍了个体差异的重要性，侧化是一个重要的组织概念，延伸到整个神经轴，并与所有考虑的反应系统有关，以及一些理论和应用问题，使心理生理学如此有趣和多样化。这些主题在整卷中反复出现，并提供了跨章节的连续性。第二部分是关于大脑和神经系统的。本节将帮助读者理解所有心理生理学指标都反映大脑功能的事实。将心理生理反应系统置于大脑功能的背景下，对于促进自主和中枢措施的整合至关重要，这在这一研究传统中仍然非常罕见。本节的最后一章是关于自主神经系统~ANS!它在本节中的位置有助于说明重要的一点，即大脑控制自主活动，反之亦然。Hugdahl帮助读者理解将ANS视为大脑延伸的必要性。第三部分是最长的。虽然标题是"收集和分析数据"，但这一节介绍了心脏-没有双关语!的材料。在九章中，Hugdahl提供了一个有选择的，但仔细选择的概述，占据了心理生理学家的注意力，这些反应系统的各种措施，以及这些措施最成功地阐明了理论概念。他偶然发现了所涵盖的每个系统中最经典和最重要的工作，他的解释和所附的插图一贯清晰和直接。他还谨慎地酌情指出，某些问题的答案尚不存在，必须等待进一步的研究。鉴于皮肤电系统在研究中的广泛应用，皮肤电系统单独分为三章可能是适当的。hugdahl在第一章中做了一个了不起的工作，将皮电活动进化意义的理论材料与记录方法的实用信息编织在一起。关于定向和习惯化的第二章说明了皮电系统是如何被创造性地利用来阐明长期以来一直是心理学历史构成主题的一部分的概念的。关于皮肤电活动的临床应用的第三章对本科生特别有吸引力，因为它说明了这种反应系统的测量方法已被用于研究意识状态的改变、精神病理学、药物和酒精滥用以及心身疾病。有两章是关于心血管活动的。第一个介绍了足够的心血管解剖和结构的细节，这篇综述的准备部分得到了NIMH研究科学家奖K05-MH 00875的支持。通信地址：Richard J. Davidson，美国麦迪逊西约翰逊街1202号，威斯康星州大学心理学系，WI 53706。电子邮件：davidson@macc.wisc.edu。心理生理学，35~1998!，352-353.北京：清华大学出版社.在美国印刷。版权所有© 1998年社会心理生理学研究
This volume is a very welcome addition to the relatively limited set of texts for students of psychophysiology. Kenneth Hugdahl is an exceptionally broad psychophysiologist who has used all of the major response systems in his own research and has also made important contributions to experimental and clinical neuropsychology. He is therefore well-equipped to produce a particularly distinctive text in this area and he has delivered on the promise. The text is intended as an introduction to the discipline. As such, the author does not assume any prerequisites on the part of the reader. This viewpoint will be a virtue in using this book with students. The text can serve as a useful overview for graduate students while still remaining sufficiently simple to serve as the primary source for the occasional undergraduate course in Psychophysiology. One of the very useful components of this book is the frequent referral of the reader interested in more depth to other primary sources. This information is provided for all of the major concepts and methods that are introduced. Each chapter also includes a brief summary that provides a helpful reminder to the reader of the major points that were covered. The text is divided into three sections, along with an epilogue. The first section is an overview of the discipline. I thought this overview was a particularly useful component of the text for it introduces the student to the excitement of the subject matter. Hugdahl places psychophysiology squarely within the cognitive and affective neurosciences and, as such, offers a refreshing perspective on age-old questions about mind–brain–body relations. Hugdahl also has a very catholic view of psychophysiology and includes within its purview neuroendocrine and neuroimaging methods. Given the historical commitment of psychophysiology to the exploration of brain–behavior relations in intact humans using relatively noninvasive methods, this breadth is entirely appropriate. In this first section, Hugdahl introduces the reader to the importance of individual differences, to laterality as an important organizing concept that extends throughout the neuraxis and is relevant to all response systems considered, and to some of the theoretical and applied issues that make psychophysiology so interesting and diverse. These themes recur throughout the volume and provide continuity across chapters. The second section is devoted to the brain and nervous system. This section will help the reader to appreciate the fact that all psychophysiological measures reflect brain function. Situating psychophysiological response systems within the context of brain function is essential in promoting the integration across autonomic and central measures that is still all too rare in this research tradition. The final chapter in this section is on the autonomic nervous system ~ANS! and its location within this section helps make the important point that the brain controls autonomic events and vice versa. Hugdahl helps the reader appreciate the necessity of considering the ANS as an extension of the brain. The third section is the longest. Although titled “Collecting and analyzing data,” this section presents the heart ~no pun intended ! of the material. In nine chapters, Hugdahl provides a selective but carefully chosen overview of the major response systems that occupy the attention of psychophysiologists, the various measures of these response systems, and the theoretical concepts that have been most successfully elucidated by these measures. He hits upon the classic and most important work in each of the systems covered and his explanations and the accompanying illustrations are consistently clear and straightforward. He is also careful to note, when appropriate, that answers to certain questions are not yet available and must await further research. In light of the extensive use of the electrodermal system in research, it is perhaps appropriate that the electrodermal system gets three chapters by itself. Hugdahl does a terrific job in the first chapter of weaving together theoretically engaging material on the evolutionary significance of electrodermal activity with nuts-andbolts practical information on recording methods. The second chapter on orienting and habituation illustrates how the electrodermal system has been creatively exploited to shed light on concepts that have long been part of the historically constituted subject matter of psychology. The third chapter on clinical applications of electrodermal activity will be particularly appealing to undergraduate students for it illustrates the many ways in which measures of this response system have been used in the study of altered states of consciousness, psychopathology, drug and alcohol abuse, and psychosomatic disorders. There are two chapters on cardiovascular activity. The first presents enough of the details of cardiovascular anatomy and strucPreparation of this review was supported in part by NIMH Research Scientist Award K05-MH00875. Address correspondence to: Richard J. Davidson, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA. E-mail: davidson@macc.wisc.edu. Psychophysiology, 35 ~1998!, 352–353. Cambridge University Press. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 1998 Society for Psychophysiological Research