Associations between Workers' Health and Working Conditions: Would the Physical and Mental Health of Nonregular Employees Improve If Their Income Was Adjusted?
Associations between Workers' Health and Working Conditions: Would the Physical and Mental Health of Nonregular Employees Improve If Their Income Was Adjusted?
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DOI：
10.3390/medicines9070040
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发表时间：
2022-07-14
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不稳定的就业可能对健康产生负面影响，但如果工人有足够的收入，他们可能是健康的。本研究使用等同的可支配收入，并检查收入阶层和就业类型之间的相互作用，以澄清工人的健康是否随着收入阶层的上升而改善。在日本，自2013年以来，被称为非正式员工的非标准工人一直居高不下。因此，本研究以经济衰退期间毕业的18 ~ 45岁的在职人员为对象，使用了在日本进行的官方调查“2013年全国生活状况综合调查”的数据。我们的最终样本包括8282名员工（4444名男性和3838名女性）。健康（一般和精神）状况指标使用了全国调查中K6问卷的二分自测健康和分数。收入与健康之间的关系几乎成正比。女工的健康状况往往随着收入阶层的增加而改善;然而，在男工，特别是非正式雇员中没有观察到这种趋势。虽然在回归模型中增加收入信息削弱了这种关联，但非正式员工的健康状况总是比正式员工差。非正式雇员，特别是女性非正式雇员的健康状况在统计上明显低于正式雇员，即使经济阶层相似。总之，改善非正式员工的低收入可以改善健康挑战，但收入本身可能不会导致正式员工和非正式员工的健康状况相同。
Precarious employment can negatively affect health, but workers may be healthy if they earn enough income. This study uses equivalent disposable income and examines the interaction between income classes and employment types to clarify whether workers’ health improves as the income classes rise. In Japan, nonstandard workers, called nonregular employees, have remained high since 2013. Therefore, using data from the national cross-sectional Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2013, an official survey performed in Japan, we targeted a sample of employees aged 18 to 45 who graduated during the economic recession. Our final sample included 8282 employees (4444 males and 3838 females). The health (general and mental) status indicators used the dichotomized self-rated health and scores of the K6 questionnaires scored in the national survey. The association between income and health was almost proportional. Female workers tended to improve their health as their income class increased; however, this tendency was not observed in male workers, especially nonregular employees. Although the associations were weakened by added income information on the regression models, nonregular employees always showed inferior health to regular employees. The health status of nonregular employees, especially female nonregular employees, is statistically significantly lower than that of regular employees, even when the economic class is similar. In conclusion, improving low incomes for nonregular employees could improve health challenges, but income alone may not result in the same health status for regular and nonregular employees.