Bird and bat species' global vulnerability to collision mortality at wind farms revealed through a trait-based assessment
Bird and bat species' global vulnerability to collision mortality at wind farms revealed through a trait-based assessment
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.0829
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发表时间：
2017-09-13
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Pearce-Higgins, James W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thaxter, Chris B.;Buchanan, Graeme M.;Pearce-Higgins, James W.
减缓人为气候变化涉及在全球范围内部署可再生能源，包括风电场，这可能对飞行动物造成重大碰撞风险。然而，大多数关于物种与风力涡轮机之间碰撞风险的研究都是在工业化国家进行的。因此，对许多地点和物种的潜在影响仍不清楚。为了弥补这一差距，我们对发达国家境内鸟类和蝙蝠与风力涡轮机之间的碰撞记录进行了系统的文献综述。我们将碰撞率与物种级特征和涡轮机特征联系起来，以量化全球 9538 种鸟类和 888 种蝙蝠物种的潜在脆弱性。鸟类碰撞率受迁徙策略、扩散距离和栖息地关联的影响，蝙蝠碰撞率受扩散距离影响。对于鸟类和蝙蝠来说，更大的涡轮机容量（兆瓦）会增加碰撞率；然而，部署较少数量的具有较大能量输出的大型涡轮机降低了每单位能量输出的总碰撞风险，尽管最大涡轮机的蝙蝠死亡率再次增加。还确定了脆弱物种高度集中的区域，包括迁徙走廊。因此，我们的结果可以指导风电场的设计和选址，以降低大规模动物死亡的风险。这是对物种群体与风力涡轮机的相对碰撞脆弱性的首次定量全球评估，为最大限度地减少对生物多样性的潜在严重负面影响提供了宝贵的指导。
Mitigation of anthropogenic climate change involves deployments of renewable energy worldwide, including wind farms, which can pose a significant collision risk to volant animals. Most studies into the collision risk between species and wind turbines, however, have taken place in industrialized countries. Potential effects for many locations and species therefore remain unclear. To redress this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of recorded collisions between birds and bats and wind turbines within developed countries. We related collision rate to species-level traits and turbine characteristics to quantify the potential vulnerability of 9538 bird and 888 bat species globally. Avian collision rate was affected by migratory strategy, dispersal distance and habitat associations, and bat collision rates were influenced by dispersal distance. For birds and bats, larger turbine capacity (megawatts) increased collision rates; however, deploying a smaller number of large turbines with greater energy output reduced total collision risk per unit energy output, although bat mortality increased again with the largest turbines. Areas with high concentrations of vulnerable species were also identified, including migration corridors. Our results can therefore guide wind farm design and location to reduce the risk of large-scale animal mortality. This is the first quantitative global assessment of the relative collision vulnerability of species groups with wind turbines, providing valuable guidance for minimizing potentially serious negative impacts on biodiversity.