Epidemics in native species influence the outcome of a species invasion
Epidemics in native species influence the outcome of a species invasion
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本地物种的流行病影响物种入侵的结果
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-023-05444-4
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Searle, Catherine L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blackwood, Paradyse E.;Jonasen, Kacie L.;Hoenig, Brandon D.;Heil, Brittany N.;Searle, Catherine L.
入侵物种可能会对当地社区产生重大影响。当本地物种和入侵物种共享寄生虫时，本地物种中的流行病可能会促进或抑制入侵。我们试图了解由一种通用型寄生虫引起的本土物种流行病的发生率和时机如何影响入侵物种的成功和影响。我们专注于北美本土和入侵的浮游动物物种(牙形水蚤和伦莫尔茨水蚤)，这两种生物都可以感染真菌寄生虫(Metschnikowia Biuspidata)。在实验室微观世界实验中，我们将本地物种暴露于不同的寄生虫接种剂(无、低、高)和两次入侵物种引入时间(本地物种流行之前或期间)。我们发现，与未感染的处理相比，含有寄生虫的处理的入侵物种密度更高，尽管只有早期入侵、低寄生率和未感染的处理表现出显著的成对差异。然而，只有在未感染的处理中才能发现入侵的休眠卵。当地物种密度最低的组合是存在的寄生虫和在疫情期间引入的入侵物种。这些处理(后期入侵、寄生虫存在)的本地感染流行率也高于在流行之前引入入侵物种的处理的流行率。因此，与疫情相关的入侵时间可能会影响本地物种和入侵物种。我们的结果表明，本土物种中流行病的发生和时间可以影响物种入侵的影响。
Invasive species can have large effects on native communities. When native and invasive species share parasites, an epidemic in a native species could facilitate or inhibit the invasion. We sought to understand how the incidence and timing of epidemics in native species caused by a generalist parasite influenced the success and impact of an invasive species. We focused on North American native and invasive species of zooplankton (Daphnia dentiferaandDaphnia lumholtzi, respectively), that can both become infected with a fungal parasite (Metschnikowia bicuspidata). In a laboratory microcosm experiment, we exposed the native species to varying parasite inocula (none, low, high) and two invasive species introduction times (before or during an epidemic in the native species). We found that the invasive species density in treatments with the parasite was higher compared to uninfected treatments, though only the early invasion, low-parasite and uninfected treatments exhibited significant pairwise differences. However, invasive resting eggs were only found in the uninfected treatments. The density of the native species was lowest with a combination of the parasite present, and the invasive species introduced during the epidemic. Native infection prevalence in these treatments (late invasion, parasite present) was also higher than prevalence in treatments where the invasive species was introduced before the epidemic. Therefore, the timing of an invasion relative to an epidemic can affect both the native and invasive species. Our results suggest that the occurrence and timing of epidemics in native species can influence the impacts of a species invasion.