POLYGYNY IN THE BLUE TIT - UNBALANCED SEX-RATIO AND FEMALE AGGRESSION RESTRICT MATE CHOICE
POLYGYNY IN THE BLUE TIT - UNBALANCED SEX-RATIO AND FEMALE AGGRESSION RESTRICT MATE CHOICE
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.1994.1126
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发表时间：
1994-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
KEMPENAERS, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KEMPENAERS, B
在蓝山雀种群中研究了一夫多妻制的起源及其对繁殖成功的影响。每年约有20%的雄性和35%的雌性进行一夫多妻制交配。一夫多妻制的雄性比一夫一妻制的雄性更年轻，存活率更高。平均而言，初级雌性并不比一夫一妻制的雌性少，但它们付出了代价，因为它们得到的雄性帮助较少。次级雌性的繁殖成功率低于初级或一夫一妻制雌性。一夫多妻制可能出现在一个男性在所有者消失后吞并了邻近的领土（替代一夫多妻制），或者当一个女性在已经占领的领土上定居时。雌性要么在冬季（全年一夫多妻制）或在繁殖季节（连续一夫多妻制）早期定居。替代和连续的一夫多妻制似乎是由于在繁殖季节女性偏向的性别比例。这种性别比例失衡是由1月至3月的女性移民造成的。雄性的捕食也可能很重要。性别比例失衡导致雌性之间激烈的繁殖竞争。定居的漂浮物女性是有限的，由于强烈的女性-女性的侵略，特别是在繁殖季节的早期。在这项研究中，一夫多妻制阈值模型不能用来解释一夫多妻制，因为它的一个基本假设，即女性可以自由地在她们选择的地方定居，被违反了。有人认为，该模型可以在更大的规模上工作。
The origin of polygyny and its effects on reproductive success was studied in a population of the blue tit,Parus caeruleus. Each year about 20% of males and about 35% of females engaged in a polygynous mating. Polygynous males fledged more young and survived better than monogamous ones. On average primary females did not fledge fewer young than monogamous ones, but they paid a cost because they received less male help. Secondary females had lower reproductive success than either primary or monogamous females. Polygyny could arise when a male annexed a neighbouring territory after the owner disappeared (replacement polygyny), or when a female settled on an already occupied territory. Females either settled early during winter (year-round polygyny) or during the breeding season (successive polygyny). Replacement and successive polygyny seem to result from a female-biased sex ratio during the breeding season. This biased sex ratio was caused by a female-biased immigration from January to March. Predation of males could also be significant. The biased sex ratio caused severe competition for breeding opportunities between females. Settlement of floater females was limited as a result of strong female-female aggression, especially early in the breeding season. In this study, the polygyny-threshold model could not be used to explain polygyny, since one of its basic assumptions, that females are free to settle where they choose, was violated. It is argued that the model can work on a larger scale.