Masked, diluted and drowned out: how global seafood trade weakens signals from marine ecosystems
Masked, diluted and drowned out: how global seafood trade weakens signals from marine ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1111/faf.12109
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Troell, Max
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crona, Beatrice I.;Daw, Tim M.;Troell, Max
近 40% 的海产品在国际上进行贸易，其中更大的比例受到国际贸易的影响，但海洋渔业的学术研究主要集中在种群和渔获量的全球趋势或单个渔业的动态上，而对单个渔业、全球贸易和遥远消费者之间的联系的关注有限。本文探讨了鱼价作为向消费者提供有关渔业和海洋生态系统状况的反馈信号的有用性。我们认为，渔业系统和全球市场的当前性质阻碍了此类价格信号从来源渔业向消费者的传递。我们提出了几种共同削弱价格信号的机制，并举了一个例子——北海鳕鱼——来展示如何测试这些机制。缺乏对消费者可靠的价格反馈对可持续渔业治理构成了挑战。因此，我们提出了三种补充方法来解决缺失的反馈：（i）通过提高个体渔民对消费者的可追溯性和可见性来加强信息流，（ii）利用不断变化的海鲜贸易结构，以及（iii）通过宣传和信息活动直接针对有关海洋环境问题的公民和政治行为者，绕过和补充市场机制。这些战略各有局限性，因此需要共同实施，以应对全球海洋渔业可持续性的挑战。
Nearly 40% of seafood is traded internationally and an even bigger proportion is affected by international trade, yet scholarship on marine fisheries has focused on global trends in stocks and catches, or on dynamics of individual fisheries, with limited attention to the link between individual fisheries, global trade and distant consumers. This paper examines the usefulness of fish price as a feedback signal to consumers about the state of fisheries and marine ecosystems. We suggest that the current nature of fisheries systems and global markets prevent transmission of such price signals from source fisheries to consumers. We propose several mechanisms that combine to weaken price signals, and present one example - the North Sea cod - to show how these mechanisms can be tested. The lack of a reliable price feedback to consumers represents a challenge for sustainable fisheries governance. We therefore propose three complimentary approaches to address the missing feedback: (i) strengthening information flow through improved traceability and visibility of individual fishers to consumers, (ii) capitalizing on the changing seafood trade structures and (iii) bypassing and complementing market mechanisms by directly targeting citizens and political actors regarding marine environmental issues through publicity and information campaigns. These strategies each havelimitations and thus need to be pursued together to address the challenge of sustainability in global marine fisheries.