Trade, Migration and Integration – Evidence and Policy Implications
Trade, Migration and Integration – Evidence and Policy Implications
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贸易、移民和一体化——证据和政策影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Lodefalk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Hatzigeorgiou;M. Lodefalk
本文以瑞典政策制定者最近采取的独特立场为出发点，强调移民是增加贸易的一种工具。我们试图从经验上审视这一立场。我们的研究结果表明，移民刺激出口，特别是沿着广泛的产品贸易差额和差异化产品，但没有显着的影响进口。这一发现表明，对于有大量移民是难民的小型开放经济体来说，利用移民促进贸易的战略可能只对出口有效。本文件还利用性别和年龄数据，为贸易和移徙文献提供资料，使我们能够推断潜在的影响渠道。我们采用工具变量的方法来解决由于潜在的反向因果关系而导致的内生性问题。结果的模式是一致的假设，即移徙主要减少固定的贸易成本造成的信息和信任摩擦在移民东道国和来源国。重要的是，研究结果表明，决策者可以通过改善移民的劳动力市场融合来促进贸易，而不是仅仅局限于促进更自由的移民政策，后者通常更具争议性。
This paper takes as its point of departure the unique position recently adopted by Swedish policymakers emphasising migration as a tool to increase trade. We attempt to empirically scrutinise this position. Our results demonstrate that migrants stimulate exports, especially along the extensive product margin of trade and for differentiated products, but have no significant impact on imports. This finding suggests that for small open economies where numerous immigrants are refugees, the strategy of using migration to facilitate trade may only be effective with respect to exports. This paper also contributes to the literature on trade and migration by exploiting data on gender and age, which allow us to draw inferences on the underlying impact channels. We adopt an instrumental variable approach to address the endogeneity issue due to potential reverse causality. The pattern of results is consistent with the hypothesis that migration primarily reduces fixed trade costs resulting from information and trust friction across migrant host and source countries. Importantly, the results imply that policymakers may be able to promote trade by improving immigrants’ labour market integration instead of simply being restricted to promoting more liberal immigration policies, which is generally more controversial.