ILMA Ion Laser Mass Analyser In-Situ Characterization of a Near Earth Object (NEO) for the MARCO POLO mission
ILMA Ion Laser Mass Analyser In-Situ Characterization of a Near Earth Object (NEO) for the MARCO POLO mission
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ILMA 离子激光质量分析仪对马可波罗任务的近地天体 (NEO) 进行原位表征
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
A. Makarov
中科院分区：
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作者：
H. Cottin;C. Briois;C. Engrand;N. Grand;L. Thirkell;R. Thissen;P. Puget;J. Berthelier;N. Carasco;C. Szopa;R. Kallenbach;H. Krüger;M. Hilchenbach;A. Makarov
与太阳系的其他小天体一样，小行星是行星形成的残余物。它们的成分继承自 45 亿年前星子吸积成行星时的太阳星云。它们是评估太阳星云形成时间和地点普遍物理化学条件的有价值的物体。其中一些已知富含碳和挥发性物质（包括水），这表明它们从未经历过重大的加热和分化事件。它们的有机含量也是人们最感兴趣的，因为导致地球上生命的化学演化可能是由将外星有机化合物输送到原始海洋中引发的。出于这些原因，欧空局和日本宇宙航空研究开发机构正在研究欧洲-日本联合对原始碳质近地天体（NEO）样本返回任务的可行性：马可·波罗。其目标是通过轨道飞行器和着陆器上的科学有效载荷进行现场测量，在多个尺度上表征近地天体，并将样本带回地球（Barucci et al. 2009）。 ILMA 是新一代高分辨率质量 Orig Life Evol Biosph 571 光谱仪的概念，拟成为马可波罗任务着陆器有效载荷的一部分。该仪器将是一个傅里叶变换离子阱质谱仪，在单一平台上使用二次离子质谱 (SIMS) 或激光解吸质谱 (LDMS)。为此，Orbitrap 质量分析仪（由 Thermofisher 公司开发）将分别与主离子源和/或激光源耦合。样品将暴露于离子和/或激光束，产生溅射电离离子，这些离子将使用轨道捕获方法收集到离子陷阱中。离子将通过纯静电四对数电场稳定在陷阱中，并且通过对陷阱内的离子振荡频率进行非破坏性测量来进行检测。事实上，捕获的离子会产生使用傅里叶变换 (FT) 转换为超高质量分辨率谱的周期信号（M/M>60,000 至 m/z=400 amu）（Makarov 2000；Hu 等人 (2005)。此外，ILMA 计划成为最轻（2.7 kg）、最小（15×15×5 cm^3，不含电子盒）和低功耗（约 12因此，与之前的太空质谱仪相比，ILMA 将能够测量近地天体的原位化学（矿物和有机）和同位素成分，并为地球生命起源的研究带来新的天体生物学意义。
Like other small bodies of the Solar System, asteroids are the remnants of planet formation. Their compositions are inherited from the Solar Nebula at the time of planetesimal accretion into planets, 4.5 billion years ago. They are valuable objects to assess the physicochemical conditions prevailing at the time and place of their formation in the Solar Nebula. Among them, some are known to be rich in carbon and volatile species (including water), which suggests that they never underwent major heating and differentiation events. Their organic content is also of prime interest because the chemical evolution leading to life on Earth may have been initiated by the delivery of extraterrestrial organic compounds into primitive oceans. For these reasons, ESA and JAXA are studying the feasibility of a joint European-Japanese sample return mission to a primitive carbonaceous Near-Earth Object (NEO): MARCO POLO. Its goal is to characterize a NEO at multiple scales via in-situ measurements by a science payload onboard an orbiter and a lander, and to bring samples back to Earth (Barucci et al. 2009). ILMA is a concept for a new generation high resolution mass Orig Life Evol Biosph 571 spectrometer, proposed to be part of the lander payload of the MARCO POLO mission. This instrument will be a Fourier Transform ion trap mass spectrometer using either Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) or Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry (LDMS) into a single platform. To this end, an Orbitrap mass analyser (developed by the Thermofisher Company) will be coupled to a primary ion source and/or a laser source, respectively. The sample will be exposed to the ion and/or laser beam producing sputtered ionized ions which will be collected into the ion trap using the orbital trapping method. Ions will be stabilized in the trap by purely electrostatic quadro-logarithmic electrical fields and the detection undertaken by a non destructive measurement of the ion oscillation frequency inside the trap. Indeed, the trapped ions induce a periodic signal converted using Fourier Transform (FT) into an ultra-high mass resolution spectrum (M/M>60,000 up to m/z=400 amu) (Makarov 2000; Hu et al. (2005). Moreover, ILMA is planned to become one of the lightest (2.7 kg), smallest (15×15×5 cm^3 without the electronic box) and low power consumption (around 12 Watts) mass spectrometer ever achieved for space. Therefore ILMA will constitute a significant progress compared to previous mass spectrometers in space. ILMA will be able to measure in situ chemical (mineral and organic) and isotopic compositions of the NEO, and should bring a new light of their astrobiological relevance for the study of the origin of life on Earth.