Using field models and elaborated situational judgment tests to represent situational effects on psychological processes and behavior
Using field models and elaborated situational judgment tests to represent situational effects on psychological processes and behavior
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使用现场模型和详细的情境判断测试来表示情境对心理过程和行为的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100068
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Harms, P.D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wood, Dustin;Lowman, Graham H.;Harms, P.D.
我们描述了如何通过精心设计的情境判断测试（ESJT）数据创建的现场模型来正式表示情境因素对心理过程和行为的影响。正如我们所详述的，ESJT 通过以下方式“详细阐述”标准 SJT：（1）让参与者对特定情况下不同反应的预期结果进行评分，有时还通过（2）对情况中的特定因素进行实验操作。然后，ESJT 数据可用于创建评估者期望行动如何影响有价值结果的现场模型，以及实验操纵的因素如何影响这些期望。我们在一项研究中说明了该方法，其中向参与者展示了 12 种工作场所情景，在这些情景中，他们的同事在互动中被随机描述为他们的经理或下属，然后被要求描述他们对每种情况以不同方式做出反应的可能性和预期效果。结果表明，参与者描述在涉及经理而不是下属的情况下不太可能表达反对意见，部分原因是预期对同事表达反对意见不太容易被接受，并且更有可能导致惩罚（例如，被解雇）如果同事是经理。我们更广泛地讨论如何使用 ESJT 来正式表示塑造行为的心理过程，以及情境因素对这些过程的影响。
We describe how the effects of situational factors on psychological processes and behavior can be formally represented throughfield modelscreated fromelaborated situational judgment test(ESJT) data. As we detail, ESJTs ‘elaborate’ on standard SJTs by (1) having participants rate theexpected outcomesof different responses to a given situation, and sometimes additionally by (2) involving experimental manipulation of particular factors within the situation. ESJT data can then be used to createfield modelsof how the raters expect actions to affect valued outcomes, and how the experimentally manipulated factors affect these expectancies. We illustrate the method in a study where participants were presented with 12 workplace situations in which their coworker in the interaction was randomly described as theirmanageror theirsubordinate,and then were asked to describe boththeir likelihoodandthe expected effectsof responding in different ways to each situation.Results demonstrated that participants described being less likely to express disapproval in situations involving amanagerthan asubordinate,in part due to expectations that expressing disapproval toward a coworker was less acceptable and more likely to result in punishment (e.g., getting fired) if the coworker was one's manager. We discuss more generally how ESJTs can be used to formally represent the psychological processes shaping behavior, and the effects of situational factors on these processes.