Pesticides in the real world: The consequences of GMO-based intensive agriculture on native amphibians
Pesticides in the real world: The consequences of GMO-based intensive agriculture on native amphibians
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108355
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Bilenca, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Agostini, M. Gabriela;Roesler, Ignacio;Bilenca, David
农药的使用被认为是全球两栖动物数量下降的主要原因之一。实验室和生态研究解决了几个问题，以了解农药对两栖动物造成有害影响的机制。然而，将这些结果外推到自然种群可能不足以预测环境影响或了解杀虫剂在两栖动物数量下降中的作用。通过原位围场，我们评估了农民使用的常用农药（氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱、硫丹、草甘膦和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸）对蝌蚪的影响（存活和流动性）。我们在位于阿根廷中部潘帕斯草原的91个池塘中评估了来自南美洲的四种常见两栖动物的这些影响。我们发现，在20种农药使用中，有13种的存活率下降，同时在池塘中检测农药。施用48 h后，含有硫丹或毒死蜱的混合物将蝌蚪存活率降低到< 1%，而氯氰菊酯混合物将存活率降低到10%。此外，我们发现包括草甘膦在内的所有农药组合都损害了移动性。我们研究中涉及的生态背景代表了南美洲与基于转基因生物的农业实践相关的常见暴露情景，具有区域层面的相关性。我们强调，从多方面的角度来理解农药在两栖动物数量下降中的作用需要一个保护的角度。这将通过集中于综合利用最先进的技术和资源来记录农药对野生两栖动物种群的影响，从而使保护科学家能够提出更好的管理建议来实现。
Pesticide use has been suggested as one of the major drivers of the global amphibian decline. Laboratory and mesocosm studies have addressed several questions to understand the mechanism by which pesticides cause detrimental effects on amphibians. However, the extrapolation of those results to natural populations may not be adequate to predict environmental impacts or to understand the role of pesticides in the amphibian decline. By using in situ enclosures, we evaluated the effects (survival and mobility) of common pesticides applied by farmers (cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, glyphosate, and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on tadpoles. We assessed these effects in four common amphibian species from South America across 91 ponds located in the Pampas of central Argentina. We found that survival decreased in 13 out of 20 pesticides applications concomitantly with detection of pesticides in water ponds. 48 h after applications, mixtures containing endosulfan or chlorpyrifos reduced tadpole survival to < 1% while the cypermethrin mixtures reduced survival to 10%. In addition, we found impairment of mobility in all combination of pesticides, including glyphosate. The ecological context involved in our study represents the common exposure scenarios related to GMO-based agriculture practices in South America, with relevance at regional levels. We emphasize that multifaceted approaches developed to understand the role of pesticides in the amphibian decline need a conservation perspective. This will be achieved by work focusing on the integrated use of state-of-the-art techniques and resources for documenting pesticide effects over wild amphibians' populations, allowing conservation scientists to generate better management recommendations.