The Big and Small of It: How Body Size Evolves
The Big and Small of It: How Body Size Evolves
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.21440
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Bernstein, Robin M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernstein, Robin M.
身体大小是一个非常重要的生物学变量，在生活史、两性异形、异速生长、自然选择和性选择的分析中起着核心作用。然而，在我们的理解中，仍然存在着一个相当大的鸿沟，这就是我们从最终因果关系的角度假设影响大小变化的因素，以及我们从近距离的角度了解身体大小的变化是如何调节的。我在这里试图将这两种观点联系在一起，并特别指出，了解身体尺寸的激素调节对于构建有关身体尺寸如何进化的假设是必要的。最近的工作使用模式生物点胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子途径在生长，大小，繁殖和衰老的调节中发挥关键作用。我回顾了这一途径的各个组成部分在调节生长和大小的作用，并说明了不同的方式，这些可能会产生不同的生物体的大小差异的证据。特别令人感兴趣的是大小和其他生活史性状之间的权衡实验改变这一途径。最近的工作强调的方式，身体大小可以改变的基础上，外在因素提供了一个机会，以联系在发现的增长和大小的近似基础的进展，并提供了一个机会，以框架新的假设，关于如何变化的大小演变。Yrbk Phys Anthropol 53：46-62，2010. (C)2010 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Body size is a biological variable of fundamental importance and plays a central role in analyses of life history, sexual dimorphism, allometry, and natural and sexual selection. Yet, there remains a sizeable gulf in our understanding that lies between what we hypothesize influences change in size, from the point of view of ultimate causation, and what we know about how shifts in body size are regulated from a proximate perspective. I seek here to tie these two perspectives together, and specifically to argue that an understanding of the hormonal regulation of body size is necessary for constructing hypotheses regarding how body size evolves. Recent work using model organisms points to the insulin/insulin-like growth factor pathway as playing a key role in the regulation of growth, size, reproduction, and senescence. I review the role of various components of this pathway in regulating growth and size and illustrate the evidence for different ways in which these might work to generate differences in size in various organisms. Of particular interest are the tradeoffs between size and other life history traits produced by experimental alterations in this pathway. Recent work emphasizing the ways in which body size can be altered based on extrinsic factors provides the opportunity to link advances in uncovering the proximate bases of growth and size and offers an opportunity to frame new hypotheses regarding how variation in size evolves. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 53: 46-62, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.